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Romans 12:20
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Summary
Commentary
- Adam Clarke
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
- John Gill
- Tyndale
Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
If thine enemy hunger, feed him - Do not withhold from any man the offices of mercy and kindness; you have been God's enemy, and yet God fed, clothed, and preserved you alive: do to your enemy as God has done to you. If your enemy be hungry, feed him; if he be thirsty, give him drink: so has God dealt with you. And has not a sense of his goodness and long-suffering towards you been a means of melting down your heart into penitential compunction, gratitude, and love towards him? How know you that a similar conduct towards your enemy may not have the same gracious influence on him towards you? Your kindness may be the means of begetting in him a sense of his guilt; and, from being your fell enemy, he may become your real friend! This I believe to be the sense of this passage, which many have encumbered with difficulties of their own creating. The whole is a quotation from Pro 25:21, Pro 25:22, in the precise words of the Septuagint; and it is very likely that the latter clause of this verse, Thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his head, is a metaphor taken from smelting metals. The ore is put into the furnace, and fire put both under and over, that the metal may be liquefied, and, leaving the scoriae and dross, may fall down pure to the bottom of the furnace. This is beautifully expressed by one of our own poets, in reference to this explanation of this passage: - "So artists melt the sullen ore of lead, By heaping coals of fire upon its head. In the kind warmth the metal learns to glow, And pure from dross the silver runs below." It is most evident, from the whole connection of the place and the apostle's use of it, that the heaping of the coals of fire upon the head of the enemy is intended to produce not an evil, but the most beneficial effect; and the following verse is an additional proof of this.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
if thine enemy hunger, &c.--This is taken from Pro 25:21-22, which without doubt supplied the basis of those lofty precepts on that subject which form the culminating point of the Sermon on the Mount. in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head--As the heaping of "coals of fire" is in the Old Testament the figurative expression of divine vengeance (Psa 140:10; Psa 11:6, &c.), the true sense of these words seems to be, "That will be the most effectual vengeance--a vengeance under which he will be fain to bend" (So ALFORD, HODGE, &c.). Rom 12:21 confirms this.
John Gill Bible Commentary
Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him,.... These words are taken from Pro 25:21, and to be understood, as a Jewish (o) writer observes, according to "their literal sense"; though some of the Rabbins explain them in an allegorical way, of the corruption of nature. The Alexandrian copy and some others, and the Vulgate Latin version, reads "but if"; so far should the saints be from meditating revenge upon their enemies, that they should do good unto them, as Christ directs, Mat 5:44, by feeding them when hungry, and giving drink unto them when thirsty: if he thirst give him drink; which includes all offices of humanity and beneficence to be performed unto them: the reason, or argument inducing hereunto is, for in so doing, thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head; not to do him hurt, not to aggravate his condemnation, as if this would be a means of bringing down the wrath of God the more fiercely on him, which is a sense given by some; as if this would be an inducement to the saints to do such acts of kindness; which is just the reverse of the spirit and temper of mind the apostle is here cultivating; but rather the sense is, that by so doing, his conscience would be stung with a sense of former injuries done to his benefactor, and he be filled with shame on account of them, and be brought to repentance for them, and to love the person he before hated, and be careful of doing him any wrong for the future; all which may be considered as a prevailing motive to God's people to act the generous part they are here moved to: in the passage referred to, Pro 25:21, "bread" and "water" are mentioned as to be given, which include all the necessaries of life: and it is added for encouragement, "and the Lord shall reward thee". The sense given of this passage by some of the Jewish commentators on it agrees with what has been observed in some measure; says one (p) of them, "when he remembers the food and drink thou hast given him, thou shall burn him, as if thou puttest coals upon his head to burn him, , and "he will take care of doing thee any ill";'' that is, for the time to come: and another of them observes (q) that "this matter will be hard unto him, as if thou heapest coals on his head to burn him, , "because of the greatness of his shame", on account of the good that he shall receive from thee, for the evil which he hath rendered to thee.'' This advice of showing kindness to enemies, and against private revenge, is very contrary to the dictates of human nature, as corrupted by sin. The former of these Julian the emperor represents (r) as a "paradox", though he owns it to be lawful, and a good action, to give clothes and food to enemies in war; and the latter, to revenge an injury, he says (s), is a law common to all men, Greeks and Barbarians; but the Gospel and the grace of God teach us another lesson. (o) Jarchi in Prov. xxv. 21. (p) R. Aben Ezra in loc. (q) R. Levi ben Gersom in loc. Vid. Tzeror Hammor, fol. 147. 2. (r) Fragment. inter opera, par. 1. p. 533. (s) Ad Atheniens. p. 501.
Tyndale Open Study Notes
12:20-21 A simple act of Christian kindness can often bring a hostile person to repentance before God and restore fellowship between people.
Romans 12:20
Forgiveness
19Do not avenge yourselves, beloved, but leave room for God’s wrath. For it is written: “Vengeance is Mine; I will repay, says the Lord.” 20On the contrary, “If your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him a drink. For in so doing, you will heap burning coals on his head.”
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- Sermons
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Testimony - Part 1
By Corrie Ten Boom9.2K30:23TestimonyMAT 10:22JHN 13:34ROM 5:5ROM 12:20EPH 4:6PHP 3:82TI 1:7In this video, a woman shares her personal experience of being imprisoned by the Nazis for hiding Jewish people in Holland. She spent 11 months in prison, including time in solitary confinement and a concentration camp where her sister died. Despite the difficult circumstances, she credits God for keeping her sweet and tender. She shares a message of encouragement to the audience, reminding them that suffering for Jesus is a privilege and that God will provide the strength needed in those moments. She concludes by reading a passage from 1 Peter 4:12, emphasizing the joy that awaits those who share in Christ's sufferings.
The Power of Kindness
By Jim Cymbala2.5K30:03KindnessECC 3:1MAT 5:44LUK 6:35ROM 12:20GAL 6:10EPH 4:321JN 3:18In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of kindness in our lives as Christians. He mentions that while people may know the Bible, speak in tongues, or preach, they may still lack kindness. The speaker prays for God to help us draw people to Him through our kindness, especially in a world filled with confusion and misconceptions about Christianity. He highlights the need for our actions to reflect our faith and for us to show love through acts of kindness, assisting and helping others. The speaker also references the book of Proverbs, stating that those who are kind benefit themselves, while the cruel bring ruin upon themselves.
Christ Overcame Evil With Good, Do the Same
By John Piper1.6K38:52ROM 2:4ROM 12:14ROM 12:17ROM 12:20In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of love and the need to overcome evil with good. He highlights the concept of giving water and food to one's enemies and wanting their salvation and good on earth. The speaker also discusses how Christ overcame sin and rebellion through the legal transaction of justification and the pouring out of the Holy Spirit. He contrasts Christianity with other religions, emphasizing that salvation is a transaction between God and His people, received by faith alone. The sermon concludes with a reflection on the sacrifice of missionaries who have given their lives for their enemies, and the question of whether love can truly overcome evil in such situations.
Surrender
By Mary Peckham81047:36SurrenderROM 11:33ROM 12:1ROM 12:10ROM 12:15ROM 12:20In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the boldness of the appeal to present one's body to God. He urges individuals to come to God in light of His great mercy and make a personal presentation of everything they have been bought with. The preacher highlights the importance of sincerity in worship, cautioning against singing empty words without true meaning. He also emphasizes the significance of maintaining right relationships with others, as seen in the commandments. The basis of the appeal is rooted in the depth and length of God's love demonstrated through Christ's sacrifice on the cross. The preacher shares a powerful testimony of a missionary who was deeply moved by a choir singing "I surrender all" while he was struggling on the mission field. The appeal to present one's body as a living sacrifice to God is both bold and reasonable, calling for a complete surrender of body, soul, and spirit.
Aggressive Kindness
By David Wilkerson72948:54KindnessEXO 23:4ISA 66:2EZK 10:2ROM 12:20In this sermon, the preacher focuses on Exodus 23:4-5, which discusses the concept of aggressive kindness. The passage emphasizes the importance of helping even one's enemies in times of need. The preacher explains that if someone encounters their enemy's donkey going astray or the donkey being burdened, they should assist and show kindness. This act of kindness is compared to helping someone whose car has crashed today. The sermon concludes with a reminder to be grateful for God's aggressive kindness towards us and a reference to the story of Elisha and his servant being surrounded by enemies.
Let Love Be Victorious
By Basilea Schlink64504:35Radio ShowMAT 5:48MAT 10:24MAT 18:15MAT 22:39ROM 12:20JAS 1:51PE 3:9In this sermon, Basilias Schlink emphasizes the importance of love and reconciliation in building God's kingdom. He encourages listeners to not be estranged from anyone and to actively seek reconciliation with those they have conflicts with. Schlink advises praying about conflicts and humbling oneself before God to learn forgiveness and love. He also suggests self-examination and genuine repentance as ways to address conflicts and seek wisdom from God on how to proceed.
Living With Open Hands and an Open Heart
By Carter Conlon18739:37Christian LifeMAT 6:33MAT 7:12LUK 6:31ROM 12:20GAL 6:7EPH 5:182TI 4:2In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of not judging or condemning others, but instead forgiving them. He encourages the congregation to give kindness and mercy to others, as God promises to give back to them in abundance. The preacher highlights the need for believers to be ambassadors of the cross of Christ, even in a society that may mock or reject biblical values. He urges college students to seek God's strength in standing firm in their faith on their campuses. The sermon concludes with a call to live for the sake of others and to be ready to preach the word of God in all seasons.
The Key That Opens Hearts
By Erlo Stegen0The Power of KindnessOvercoming Evil with GoodROM 12:20Erlo Stegen emphasizes the transformative power of responding to evil with good, as illustrated in Romans 12:20-21 and Proverbs 25:21-22. He shares a story of a Christian neighbor who, despite repeated harm from a heathen neighbor's cow, chose to respond with kindness rather than retaliation, ultimately leading to a change in the neighbor's behavior. Stegen highlights that such unexpected goodness can convict the conscience of those who do wrong, and that God rewards those who act righteously. He also draws parallels with Elijah's respectful treatment of King Ahab, despite Ahab's evil actions, showcasing the importance of maintaining integrity and goodness in the face of adversity.
They Clothed All That Were Naked,
By F.B. Meyer0ForgivenessGenerosity2CH 28:15MAT 5:44LUK 10:33ROM 12:20F.B. Meyer emphasizes the transformative power of generosity and love, urging believers to respond to those who have wronged them with kindness rather than resentment. He highlights the biblical principle of feeding and caring for one's enemies, encouraging individuals to actively seek reconciliation and friendship instead of harboring bitterness. Meyer challenges listeners to perform acts of kindness towards those who have harmed them, suggesting that such actions can lead to personal transformation and divine assistance. By embodying Christ's love, believers can turn hostility into friendship and experience the beauty of salvation and a gentle spirit.
"If Your Enemy Hunger, Feed Him"
By St. John Chrysostom0ROM 12:20John Chrysostom preaches about the importance of reconciliation and forgiveness, urging the congregation to not only attend church gatherings but also to actively bring their brethren to salvation. He emphasizes the need to care for others, even enemies, by feeding them and offering them drink, as a means to overcome evil with good. Chrysostom uses the example of David's mercy towards Saul to illustrate the power of forgiveness and kindness towards those who have wronged us. He highlights the significance of reconciling with others in this life to avoid judgment in the afterlife, stressing the importance of forgiveness as a means to receive forgiveness from God.
1 Corinthians 16:10
By St. John Chrysostom0PSA 101:5PRO 15:1MAT 7:1MAT 18:15ROM 12:14ROM 12:20EPH 4:29John Chrysostom preaches about the importance of correcting others with love and gentleness, emphasizing the need to approach reproof with care and compassion. He highlights the significance of speaking words that edify and build up others, rather than tearing them down with unsavory speech. Chrysostom urges believers to correct in a brotherly manner, using praise and commendation alongside reproof to soften the impact and promote understanding. He warns against the dangers of speaking evil of others, emphasizing the negative consequences it brings to the speaker, the hearer, and the one accused.
Homily 50 on the Acts of the Apostles
By St. John Chrysostom0MAT 5:45JHN 8:49ACT 24:10ACT 24:15ROM 12:20John Chrysostom preaches on the importance of forgiveness and overcoming anger towards our enemies. He emphasizes the need to imitate Christ in responding to insults and injuries with kindness and reconciliation, rather than retaliation. Chrysostom encourages his listeners to control their anger, avoid escalating conflicts, and strive for peace and reconciliation even in the face of provocation and injustice.
Jesus Continues to Explain God's Standards of Holiness Matthew 5:31-48
By David Servant0MAT 5:31LUK 6:27ROM 12:20David Servant preaches on Jesus' sermon on the mountainside, explaining the difference between God's standard of holiness and the misinterpretations of the religious teachers of His day. Jesus addresses the topics of divorce, making vows, revenge, and loving one's enemies, emphasizing the importance of following God's higher standard of truth, mercy, and love towards all, even those who wrong us.
Homily 12
By Clement of Rome0PRO 19:17MAT 5:44ROM 12:201CO 13:4GAL 6:2HEB 13:16JAS 4:101PE 5:61JN 4:7Clement of Rome preaches about the importance of submission, love between preachers and converts, and the challenges of serving God faithfully. He emphasizes the need to arrange our lives in a way that reflects God's compassion and love, even in the face of envy and challenges. Peter and his companions navigate through various cities, demonstrating humility, frugality, and the willingness to serve others. The sermon delves into the concept of true philanthropy, which involves loving and doing good even to enemies, as a reflection of God's love and mercy.
Epistle 370
By George Fox0MAT 5:10MAT 10:29JHN 10:15ROM 8:38ROM 12:202CO 6:2EPH 2:6HEB 7:271PE 4:14George Fox preaches to friends in prison and sufferers in the county, reminding them of the eternal power and peace they have in Christ Jesus. He encourages them to remain steadfast in faith, knowing that nothing can separate them from the love of God. Fox urges them to endure persecution for righteousness' sake, rejoicing in their reward in heaven and glorifying God in their sufferings.
help... We're Surrounded
By Denis Lyle02KI 6:16PSA 34:7ROM 12:20EPH 6:11HEB 1:14HEB 13:5Denis Lyle preaches on the story of Elisha and his servant being surrounded by the Syrian army, highlighting the unseen angelic forces that protect God's people. He emphasizes the need for believers to discern the hostility, strategy, and tendency of the enemy, recognizing the spiritual battle we are in. Lyle encourages dispelling fear by trusting in God's Word and the presence of guardian angels, showcasing Elisha's calmness and faith in the face of danger. The sermon concludes with a call to display God's favor by showing kindness and grace even to enemies, reflecting the ethic of love and overcoming evil with good.
The Local Church: Minimum vs Maximum
By John Piper0MAT 5:16MAT 28:19ROM 12:20GAL 6:10EPH 1:22EPH 2:101TI 6:17TIT 2:14HEB 10:25John Piper preaches about the importance of understanding the true essence of the church, emphasizing that the church is not a building but a group of believers who gather to worship God, be exhorted from the Word, and celebrate the Lord's Supper under the guidance of appointed leaders. He delves into the minimum qualifications that define a local church according to the New Testament, highlighting the significance of believers' faith, baptism, regular assembling, worship, exhortation, and the Lord's Supper. Piper challenges the congregation to move beyond the minimum standards and strive for a maximum local church that focuses on doing good deeds for others, as exemplified by Jesus and emphasized throughout the New Testament.
Love Thine Enemy
By George MacDonald0LEV 19:18MAT 5:43MAT 6:14MAT 18:21LUK 6:35JHN 17:21ROM 12:20EPH 4:321PE 4:81JN 4:7George MacDonald preaches on the profound message of loving our enemies as a way to reflect the divine nature within us, emphasizing that true perfection lies in loving others unconditionally, just as our Father in heaven loves both the good and the evil. He challenges the notion of hating those who wrong us, urging us to see beyond their faults and recognize the divine essence within them that calls for our love and compassion. MacDonald highlights the importance of acknowledging our own faults and seeking forgiveness, as well as extending forgiveness to others, trusting in the transformative power of divine love to heal relationships and bring about reconciliation.
- Adam Clarke
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
- John Gill
- Tyndale
Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
If thine enemy hunger, feed him - Do not withhold from any man the offices of mercy and kindness; you have been God's enemy, and yet God fed, clothed, and preserved you alive: do to your enemy as God has done to you. If your enemy be hungry, feed him; if he be thirsty, give him drink: so has God dealt with you. And has not a sense of his goodness and long-suffering towards you been a means of melting down your heart into penitential compunction, gratitude, and love towards him? How know you that a similar conduct towards your enemy may not have the same gracious influence on him towards you? Your kindness may be the means of begetting in him a sense of his guilt; and, from being your fell enemy, he may become your real friend! This I believe to be the sense of this passage, which many have encumbered with difficulties of their own creating. The whole is a quotation from Pro 25:21, Pro 25:22, in the precise words of the Septuagint; and it is very likely that the latter clause of this verse, Thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his head, is a metaphor taken from smelting metals. The ore is put into the furnace, and fire put both under and over, that the metal may be liquefied, and, leaving the scoriae and dross, may fall down pure to the bottom of the furnace. This is beautifully expressed by one of our own poets, in reference to this explanation of this passage: - "So artists melt the sullen ore of lead, By heaping coals of fire upon its head. In the kind warmth the metal learns to glow, And pure from dross the silver runs below." It is most evident, from the whole connection of the place and the apostle's use of it, that the heaping of the coals of fire upon the head of the enemy is intended to produce not an evil, but the most beneficial effect; and the following verse is an additional proof of this.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
if thine enemy hunger, &c.--This is taken from Pro 25:21-22, which without doubt supplied the basis of those lofty precepts on that subject which form the culminating point of the Sermon on the Mount. in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head--As the heaping of "coals of fire" is in the Old Testament the figurative expression of divine vengeance (Psa 140:10; Psa 11:6, &c.), the true sense of these words seems to be, "That will be the most effectual vengeance--a vengeance under which he will be fain to bend" (So ALFORD, HODGE, &c.). Rom 12:21 confirms this.
John Gill Bible Commentary
Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him,.... These words are taken from Pro 25:21, and to be understood, as a Jewish (o) writer observes, according to "their literal sense"; though some of the Rabbins explain them in an allegorical way, of the corruption of nature. The Alexandrian copy and some others, and the Vulgate Latin version, reads "but if"; so far should the saints be from meditating revenge upon their enemies, that they should do good unto them, as Christ directs, Mat 5:44, by feeding them when hungry, and giving drink unto them when thirsty: if he thirst give him drink; which includes all offices of humanity and beneficence to be performed unto them: the reason, or argument inducing hereunto is, for in so doing, thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head; not to do him hurt, not to aggravate his condemnation, as if this would be a means of bringing down the wrath of God the more fiercely on him, which is a sense given by some; as if this would be an inducement to the saints to do such acts of kindness; which is just the reverse of the spirit and temper of mind the apostle is here cultivating; but rather the sense is, that by so doing, his conscience would be stung with a sense of former injuries done to his benefactor, and he be filled with shame on account of them, and be brought to repentance for them, and to love the person he before hated, and be careful of doing him any wrong for the future; all which may be considered as a prevailing motive to God's people to act the generous part they are here moved to: in the passage referred to, Pro 25:21, "bread" and "water" are mentioned as to be given, which include all the necessaries of life: and it is added for encouragement, "and the Lord shall reward thee". The sense given of this passage by some of the Jewish commentators on it agrees with what has been observed in some measure; says one (p) of them, "when he remembers the food and drink thou hast given him, thou shall burn him, as if thou puttest coals upon his head to burn him, , and "he will take care of doing thee any ill";'' that is, for the time to come: and another of them observes (q) that "this matter will be hard unto him, as if thou heapest coals on his head to burn him, , "because of the greatness of his shame", on account of the good that he shall receive from thee, for the evil which he hath rendered to thee.'' This advice of showing kindness to enemies, and against private revenge, is very contrary to the dictates of human nature, as corrupted by sin. The former of these Julian the emperor represents (r) as a "paradox", though he owns it to be lawful, and a good action, to give clothes and food to enemies in war; and the latter, to revenge an injury, he says (s), is a law common to all men, Greeks and Barbarians; but the Gospel and the grace of God teach us another lesson. (o) Jarchi in Prov. xxv. 21. (p) R. Aben Ezra in loc. (q) R. Levi ben Gersom in loc. Vid. Tzeror Hammor, fol. 147. 2. (r) Fragment. inter opera, par. 1. p. 533. (s) Ad Atheniens. p. 501.
Tyndale Open Study Notes
12:20-21 A simple act of Christian kindness can often bring a hostile person to repentance before God and restore fellowship between people.