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2 Samuel 18:7

2 Samuel 18:7 in Multiple Translations

There the people of Israel were defeated by David’s servants, and the slaughter was great that day—twenty thousand men.

Where the people of Israel were slain before the servants of David, and there was there a great slaughter that day of twenty thousand men.

And the people of Israel were smitten there before the servants of David, and there was a great slaughter there that day of twenty thousand men.

And the people of Israel were overcome there by the servants of David, and there was a great destruction that day, and twenty thousand men were put to the sword.

The Israelites were defeated by David's men and many were killed that day—some twenty thousand.

Where the people of Israel were slaine before the seruants of Dauid: so there was a great slaughter that day, euen of twentie thousande.

and smitten there are the people of Israel before the servants of David, and the smiting there is great on that day — twenty thousand;

The people of Israel were struck there before David’s servants, and there was a great slaughter there that day of twenty thousand men.

Where the people of Israel were slain before the servants of David, and there was there a great slaughter that day of twenty thousand men .

And the people of Israel were defeated there by David’s army, and a great slaughter was made that day of twenty thousand men.

David’s soldiers defeated Absalom’s soldiers. They killed 20,000 of them!

They chased each other in the bush, and they attacked each other with spears and bows and arrows. David’s mob beat Absalom’s mob and killed lots of them dead. But even more soldiers died from things in the bush. 20,000 men died on that day.

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Berean Amplified Bible — 2 Samuel 18:7

BAB
Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

2 Samuel 18:7 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB וַ/יִּנָּ֤גְפוּ שָׁם֙ עַ֣ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִ/פְנֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֑ד וַ/תְּהִי שָׁ֞ם הַ/מַּגֵּפָ֧ה גְדוֹלָ֛ה בַּ/יּ֥וֹם הַ/ה֖וּא עֶשְׂרִ֥ים אָֽלֶף
וַ/יִּנָּ֤גְפוּ nâgaph H5062 to strike Conj | V-Niphal-ConsecImperf-3mp
שָׁם֙ shâm H8033 there Adv
עַ֣ם ʻam H5971 Amaw N-ms
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל Yisrâʼêl H3478 Israel N-proper
לִ/פְנֵ֖י pânîym H6440 face Prep | N-cp
עַבְדֵ֣י ʻebed H5650 servant/slave N-mp
דָוִ֑ד Dâvid H1732 David N-proper
וַ/תְּהִי hâyâh H1961 to be Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs
שָׁ֞ם shâm H8033 there Adv
הַ/מַּגֵּפָ֧ה maggêphâh H4046 plague Art | N-fs
גְדוֹלָ֛ה gâdôwl H1419 Great (Sea) Adj
בַּ/יּ֥וֹם yôwm H3117 day Prep | N-ms
הַ/ה֖וּא hûwʼ H1931 he/she/it Art | Pron
עֶשְׂרִ֥ים ʻesrîym H6242 twenty Adj
אָֽלֶף ʼeleph H505 thousand Adj
Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — 2 Samuel 18:7

וַ/יִּנָּ֤גְפוּ nâgaph H5062 "to strike" Conj | V-Niphal-ConsecImperf-3mp
To strike or smite is the meaning of this Hebrew word, used in Joshua to describe battles and in Psalms to describe God's judgment. It can also mean to stumble or hurt someone, and is used in various contexts throughout the Bible.
Definition: 1) to strike, smite 1a) (Qal) to strike, smite 1b) (Niphal) to be stricken, be smitten 1c) (Hithpael) to stumble
Usage: Occurs in 46 OT verses. KJV: beat, dash, hurt, plague, slay, smite (down), strike, stumble, [idiom] surely, put to the worse. See also: Exodus 7:27; 2 Samuel 10:15; Psalms 89:24.
שָׁם֙ shâm H8033 "there" Adv
The Hebrew word sham means there or then, often used to describe a location or point in time. It can also mean thither or thence, indicating movement or direction. This word is used frequently in the Bible to provide context and clarify the setting of a story.
Definition: 1) there, thither 1a) there 1b) thither (after verbs of motion) 1c) from there, thence 1d) then (as an adverb of time) Aramaic equivalent: tam.mah (תַּמָּה "there" H8536)
Usage: Occurs in 732 OT verses. KJV: in it, [phrase] thence, there (-in, [phrase] of, [phrase] out), [phrase] thither, [phrase] whither. See also: Genesis 2:8; Exodus 21:33; Deuteronomy 19:4.
עַ֣ם ʻam H5971 "Amaw" N-ms
A people or nation is what this Hebrew word represents, like the nation of Israel in Exodus 33:13. It can also mean a tribe, troops, or attendants, and is used to describe a group of people gathered together. The word is often used to refer to the people of God.
Definition: This name means nation, people
Usage: Occurs in 1655 OT verses. KJV: folk, men, nation, people. See also: Genesis 11:6; Exodus 16:4; Leviticus 17:9.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל Yisrâʼêl H3478 "Israel" N-proper
Israel is the symbolic name of Jacob, also referring to his descendants. Jacob, son of Isaac and Rebekah, had 12 sons who became the tribes of Israel, as told in Genesis 25:26. His story is crucial to the Bible's narrative.
Definition: A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.26; son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259); brother of: Esau (H6215); married to Rachel (H7354), Leah (H3812), Zilpah (H2153) and Bilhah (H1090A); father of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); also called Jacob frequently § Israel = "God prevails" 1) the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel 2) the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob 2a) the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split 2b) the name used and given to the northern kingdom consisting of the 10 tribes under Jeroboam; the southern kingdom was known as Judah 2c) the name of the nation after the return from exile
Usage: Occurs in 2231 OT verses. KJV: Israel. See also: Genesis 32:29; Exodus 13:18; Exodus 40:38.
לִ/פְנֵ֖י pânîym H6440 "face" Prep | N-cp
This word means face or presence, like being in front of someone or something. It's used in many contexts, like in Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to describe interactions and relationships.
Definition: : face 1) face 1a) face, faces 1b) presence, person 1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim) 1d) face (of animals) 1e) face, surface (of ground) 1f) as adv of loc/temp 1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before 1g) with prep 1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
Usage: Occurs in 1891 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 43:31; Exodus 30:16.
עַבְדֵ֣י ʻebed H5650 "servant/slave" N-mp
This word refers to a servant or slave, often in the context of serving God or a human master. It can also describe a prophet or Levite. The KJV translates it as bondage, bondman, or servant.
Definition: 1) slave, servant 1a) slave, servant, man-servant 1b) subjects 1c) servants, worshippers (of God) 1d) servant (in special sense as prophets, Levites etc) 1e) servant (of Israel) 1f) servant (as form of address between equals) Aramaic equivalent: a.vad (עֲבַד "servant/slave" H5649)
Usage: Occurs in 714 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] bondage, bondman, (bond-) servant, (man-) servant. See also: Genesis 9:25; Exodus 11:3; 1 Samuel 8:16.
דָוִ֑ד Dâvid H1732 "David" N-proper
David was the youngest son of Jesse and a king of Judah, first mentioned in Ruth 4:17, and an ancestor of Jesus.
Definition: A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at Rut.4.17; son of: Jesse (H3448) and Nahash (H5176I); brother of: Eliab (H0446I), Abinadab (H0041I), Shimeah (H8093), Zeruiah (H6870), Abigail (H0026H)(?), Nethanel (H5417H), Raddai (H7288), Ozem (H0684) and Elihu (H0453J); married to Michal (H4324), Abigail (H0026), Ahinoam (H0293H), Maacah (H4601I), Haggith (H2294), Abital (H0037), Eglah (H5698) and Bathsheba (H1339); father of: Amnon (H0550), Chileab (H3609), Absalom (H0053), Adonijah (H0138), Shephatiah (H8203), Ithream (H3507), Shammua (H8051H), Shobab (H7727), Nathan (H5416), Solomon (H8010), Ibhar (H2984), Elishua (H0474), Nepheg (H5298H), Japhia (H3309I), Elishama (H0476H), Eliada (H0450), Eliphelet (H0467), Tamar (H8559H), Elpelet (H0467I), Nogah (H5052) and Jerimoth (H3406N) Also named: Daueid, Dauid, Dabid (Δαυείδ, Δαυίδ, Δαβίδ "David" G1138) § David = "beloved" youngest son of Jesse and second king of Israel
Usage: Occurs in 912 OT verses. KJV: David. See also: Ruth 4:17; 1 Samuel 20:41; 1 Samuel 27:9.
וַ/תְּהִי hâyâh H1961 "to be" Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.
שָׁ֞ם shâm H8033 "there" Adv
The Hebrew word sham means there or then, often used to describe a location or point in time. It can also mean thither or thence, indicating movement or direction. This word is used frequently in the Bible to provide context and clarify the setting of a story.
Definition: 1) there, thither 1a) there 1b) thither (after verbs of motion) 1c) from there, thence 1d) then (as an adverb of time) Aramaic equivalent: tam.mah (תַּמָּה "there" H8536)
Usage: Occurs in 732 OT verses. KJV: in it, [phrase] thence, there (-in, [phrase] of, [phrase] out), [phrase] thither, [phrase] whither. See also: Genesis 2:8; Exodus 21:33; Deuteronomy 19:4.
הַ/מַּגֵּפָ֧ה maggêphâh H4046 "plague" Art | N-fs
A plague or pestilence in the Bible often refers to a divine judgment, like the plagues God sent upon Egypt in Exodus 7-12. It can also mean a defeat or slaughter, as seen in 1 Samuel 4:10.
Definition: 1) blow, slaughter, plague, pestilence, strike, smite 1a) blow (fatal stroke) 1b) slaughter (of battle) 1c) plague, pestilence (divine judgment)
Usage: Occurs in 25 OT verses. KJV: ([idiom] be) plague(-d), slaughter, stroke. See also: Exodus 9:14; 2 Samuel 17:9; Psalms 106:29.
גְדוֹלָ֛ה gâdôwl H1419 "Great (Sea)" Adj
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means something or someone great, whether in size, age, or importance. It appears in descriptions of the Great Sea and the Philistines. The word is used to convey a sense of magnitude or grandeur.
Definition: adj great Also named: pe.lish.ti (פְּלִשְׁתִּי "(Sea of the )Philistines" H6430I)
Usage: Occurs in 499 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] aloud, elder(-est), [phrase] exceeding(-ly), [phrase] far, (man of) great (man, matter, thing,-er,-ness), high, long, loud, mighty, more, much, noble, proud thing, [idiom] sore, ([idiom]) very. See also: Genesis 1:16; Joshua 7:26; 1 Kings 20:13.
בַּ/יּ֥וֹם yôwm H3117 "day" Prep | N-ms
The Hebrew word 'yom' refers to a day, which can be a literal 24-hour period or a figurative space of time. It is used in the Bible to describe a wide range of time periods, from a single day to a year or a lifetime. The word 'yom' is used in many different contexts throughout the Bible.
Definition: : day/when/time/period 1) day, time, year 1a) day (as opposed to night) 1b) day (24 hour period) 1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1 1b2) as a division of time 1b2a) a working day, a day's journey 1c) days, lifetime (pl.) 1d) time, period (general) 1e) year 1f) temporal references 1f1) today 1f2) yesterday 1f3) tomorrow
Usage: Occurs in 1930 OT verses. KJV: age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger. See also: Genesis 1:5; Genesis 33:13; Exodus 23:15.
הַ/ה֖וּא hûwʼ H1931 "he/she/it" Art | Pron
This word is a pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'it', used to refer to a person or thing. It is used in the Bible to emphasize a subject or make it clear who is being talked about.
Definition: pron 3p s 1) he, she, it 1a) himself (with emphasis) 1b) resuming subj with emphasis 1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate) 1d) (anticipating subj) 1e) (emphasising predicate) 1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron 2) that (with article)
Usage: Occurs in 1693 OT verses. KJV: he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who. See also: Genesis 2:11; Genesis 32:19; Exodus 21:3.
עֶשְׂרִ֥ים ʻesrîym H6242 "twenty" Adj
This word means twenty, and is also used as an ordinal number, like twentieth, as seen in Genesis 31:38. It can refer to a specific age or quantity.
Definition: twenty, twentieth Aramaic equivalent: es.rin (עֶשְׂרִין "twenty" H6243)
Usage: Occurs in 281 OT verses. KJV: (six-) score, twenty(-ieth). See also: Genesis 6:3; 1 Kings 9:14; Ezra 2:19.
אָֽלֶף ʼeleph H505 "thousand" Adj
A thousand, as in Exodus 20:6 where God shows love to thousands of people. It represents a large number or a company of people under one leader, like an army or a group of soldiers.
Definition: : thousand 1) a thousand 1a) as numeral 2) a thousand, company 2a) as a company of men under one leader, troops
Usage: Occurs in 390 OT verses. KJV: thousand. See also: Genesis 20:16; Joshua 3:4; 2 Kings 18:23.

Study Notes — 2 Samuel 18:7

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 Proverbs 24:21 My son, fear the LORD and the king, and do not associate with the rebellious.
2 2 Samuel 2:31 but they had struck down 360 Benjamites who were with Abner.
3 2 Samuel 2:26 Then Abner called out to Joab: “Must the sword devour forever? Do you not realize that this will only end in bitterness? How long before you tell the troops to stop pursuing their brothers?”
4 Proverbs 11:21 Be assured that the wicked will not go unpunished, but the offspring of the righteous will escape.
5 2 Samuel 19:41–43 Soon all the men of Israel came to the king and asked, “Why did our brothers, the men of Judah, take you away secretly and bring the king and his household across the Jordan, together with all of David’s men?” And all the men of Judah replied to the men of Israel, “We did this because the king is our relative. Why does this anger you? Have we ever eaten at the king’s expense or received anything for ourselves?” “We have ten shares in the king,” answered the men of Israel, “so we have more claim to David than you. Why then do you despise us? Were we not the first to speak of restoring our king?” But the men of Judah pressed even harder than the men of Israel.
6 2 Samuel 15:6 Absalom did this to all the Israelites who came to the king for justice. In this way he stole the hearts of the men of Israel.
7 2 Chronicles 28:6 For in one day Pekah son of Remaliah killed 120,000 valiant men in Judah. This happened because they had forsaken the LORD, the God of their fathers.
8 2 Chronicles 13:16–17 So the Israelites fled before Judah, and God delivered them into their hands. Then Abijah and his people struck them with a mighty blow, and 500,000 chosen men of Israel fell slain.
9 2 Samuel 2:17 The battle that day was intense, and Abner and the men of Israel were defeated by the servants of David.

2 Samuel 18:7 Summary

This verse tells us that the people of Israel were defeated by David's servants in a big battle, and many people were killed, twenty thousand to be exact. This happened because the people of Israel had rebelled against God's king, David, and God was not with them, as seen in 1 Samuel 15:23. It's a reminder that when we rebel against God's authority, there are serious consequences, but when we submit to Him, He can bring peace and victory, as promised in Isaiah 26:3. We can learn from this story by trusting in God's sovereignty and provision, even in difficult times, and seeking to obey His commands, as taught in Deuteronomy 28:1-2.

Frequently Asked Questions

What was the outcome of the battle between David's servants and the people of Israel?

The people of Israel were defeated by David's servants, resulting in a great slaughter of twenty thousand men, as stated in 2 Samuel 18:7, a consequence of their rebellion against God's anointed king, reminiscent of the warnings in Deuteronomy 28:25.

Why did the people of Israel suffer such a great defeat?

The people of Israel suffered defeat because they had rebelled against God's anointed king, David, and the Lord was not with them, as seen in 1 Samuel 15:23, where rebellion against God's authority is likened to witchcraft.

How does this verse relate to the larger story of David and Israel?

This verse is part of the story of David's reign as king of Israel, and the battle described here is a result of the rebellion led by his son Absalom, which is a fulfillment of the prophecy in 2 Samuel 12:10, where Nathan prophesied that the sword would never depart from David's house.

What can we learn from the fact that twenty thousand men were killed in this battle?

The large number of casualties in this battle highlights the severity of the consequences of sin and rebellion against God, as seen in the warnings of Joshua 23:15, where it is written that if the Israelites forsake the Lord, He will turn to be their enemy and destroy them.

Reflection Questions

  1. What are the consequences of rebelling against God's authority in my own life, and how can I submit to His will, as taught in Romans 13:1-2?
  2. How can I trust in God's sovereignty and provision, even in the midst of conflict and uncertainty, as seen in Psalm 23:4?
  3. What does this verse teach me about the importance of obedience to God's commands and the consequences of disobedience, as warned in 1 Samuel 15:22-23?
  4. How can I apply the lessons of this verse to my own relationships and conflicts, seeking to resolve them in a way that honors God, as taught in Matthew 5:9?

Gill's Exposition on 2 Samuel 18:7

Where the people of Israel were slain before the servants of David,.... That is, the people of Israel that were under Absalom, these were beaten by David's army: and there was a great slaughter that

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 18:7

Where the people of Israel were slain before the servants of David, and there was there a great slaughter that day of twenty thousand men. The people of Israel were slain.

Matthew Poole's Commentary on 2 Samuel 18:7

The people of Israel, i.e. the soldiers of Absalom; so called, partly to note that all Israel (some few excepted) were engaged in this rebellion, which made David’ s deliverance more glorious and remarkable; and partly in opposition to David’ s men, who, as to the main body, or most considerable part, were of the tribe of Judah, or had followed him from Judah.

Trapp's Commentary on 2 Samuel 18:7

2 Samuel 18:7 Where the people of Israel were slain before the servants of David, and there was there a great slaughter that day of twenty thousand [men].Ver. 7. Where the people of Israel were slain.] For a just reward of their unjust rebellion: besides a great sort of them who having tasted of the sweetness of war, dulce bellum inexpertis, threw down their arms, and ran home ad beatos rastros, benedictura aratrum, sanctamque stivam, as the divine chronologer saith of the seditious boors of Germany beaten by the princes, together with Munzer, their general, who was taken and executed according to his deserts. Bucholc.

Ellicott's Commentary on 2 Samuel 18:7

(7) Twenty Thousand.—This number seems large, but we really know nothing of the size of the forces engaged on either side; and if the phrase “that day” be taken, as often, with sufficient latitude to include the whole campaign of which this battle was the culmination, there is nothing surprising in the destruction of 20,000 men. Of the human causes of the victory nothing is told. We may assume that the advantage of thorough military organisation and generalship was on David’s side; but, in addition to this, was the vast power of the right, the prestige of law and authority.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on 2 Samuel 18:7

Verse 7. Twenty thousand men.] Whether these were slain on the field of battle, or whether they were reckoned with those slain in the wood of Ephraim, we know not.

Whedon's Commentary on 2 Samuel 18:7

7. Twenty thousand — Surely the multitude that followed Absalom must have been like the sand of the sea. 2 Samuel 17:11.

Sermons on 2 Samuel 18:7

SermonDescription
Charles Stanley Turning the Tide - Part 1 by Charles Stanley This sermon emphasizes the importance of heeding God's warnings throughout history to avoid the consequences of disobedience. It reflects on the story of Adam and Eve in the Garden
Chuck Smith Fatherly Exhortation Part 2 by Chuck Smith In this sermon, Pastor Chuck Smith emphasizes the importance of listening to and respecting our parents. He encourages his listeners to value truth, wisdom, instruction, and unders
Duncan Campbell Steadfastness in Conflict by Duncan Campbell Duncan Campbell emphasizes the necessity of steadfastness in the face of conflict, drawing parallels between Israel's battle against Amalek and the spiritual struggles Christians f
Duncan Campbell Steadfastness in Conduct by Duncan Campbell Duncan Campbell emphasizes the importance of steadfastness in conduct, urging believers to live in a way that reflects their faith and pleases God. He draws on biblical examples su
Duncan Campbell Steadfastness in Conviction by Duncan Campbell Duncan Campbell emphasizes the importance of steadfastness in conviction, drawing from Proverbs 24:21 to highlight the need for unwavering faith in God's Word amidst a changing wor
Duncan Campbell Steadfastness of Character by Duncan Campbell Duncan Campbell emphasizes the importance of steadfastness of character in the Christian life, urging believers to resist the temptation of change and to hold fast to their convict
Timothy Tow The Christian and His Country by Timothy Tow Timothy Tow delivers a sermon on 'The Christian and His Country' on the occasion of Singapore's 36th Anniversary, emphasizing the dual citizenship of Christians in the Kingdom of H

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