Greek Word Reference — 1 Timothy 5:6
The Greek word for 'the' or 'this', used to point out a specific person or thing, like in Acts 17:28. It can also mean 'he', 'she', or 'it'.
Definition: ὁ, ἡ, τό, the prepositive article (ἄρθρον προτακτικόν), originally a demonstr. pron. (so usually in Hom.), in general corresponding to the Eng. definite article. __I. As demonstr. pron. __1. As frequently in Hom., absol., he (she, it), his (etc.): Act.17:28 (quoted from the poet Aratus). __2. Distributive, ὁ μὲν . . . ὁ δέ, the one . . . the other: 1Co.7:7, Gal.4:22; pl., Act.14:4, 17:32, Php.1:16, al.; οἱ μὲν . . . ἄλλοι δέ, Mat.16:14, Jhn.7:12; οἱ μεν̀ . . . ὁδέ, Heb.7:21, 23. __3. In narration (without ὁ μὲν preceding), ὁ δέ, but he: Mat.2:14, Mrk.1:45, Luk.8:21, Jhn.9:38, al. mult. __II. As prepositive article, the, prefixed, __1. to nouns unmodified: ὁ θεός, τὸ φῶς, etc.; to abstract nouns, ἡ σοφία, etc., to pl. nouns which indicate a class, οἱ ἀλώπεκες, foxes, Mat.8:20, al.; to an individual as representing a class, ὁ ἐργάτης, Luk.10:7; with nom. = voc. in addresses, Mat.11:26, Jhn.19:3, Jas.5:1, al.; to things which pertain to one, ἡ χεῖρ, his hand, Mrk.3:1; to names of persons well known or already mentioned; usually to names of countries (originally adjectives), ἡ Ἰουδαία, etc. __2. To modified nouns: with of person(s) pron. genitive, μοῦ, σοῦ, etc.; with poss. pron., ἐμός, σός, etc.; with adj. between the art. and the noun, ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος, Mat.12:35; the noun foll, by adj., both with art., ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός, Jhn.10:11 (on ὁ ὄχλος πολύς, Jhn.12:9, see M, Pr., 84); before adjectival phrases, ἡ κατ᾽ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις, Rom.9:11. __3. To Other parts of speech used as substantives; __(a) neuter adjectives: τ. ἀγαθόν, etc.; __(b) cardinal numerals: ὁ εἶς, οἷ δύο, etc.; __(with) participles: ὁ βαπτίζων (= ὁ Βαπτιστής, Mat.14:2), Mrk.6:14; πᾶς ὁ, with ptcp., every one who, etc.; __(d) adverbs: τὸ πέραν, τὰ νῦν, ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος; __(e) infinitives: nom., τὸ θέλειν, Rom.7:18, al.; genitive, τοῦ, after adjectives, ἄξιον τοῦ πορεύεσθαι, 1Co.16:4; verbs, ἐλαχεν τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι, Luk.1:9; and frequently in a final sense, ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρειν, Mat.13:3 (on the artic. inf., see Bl., §71). __4. In the neut. to sentences, phrases or single words treated as a quotation: τὸ Ἐι δύνῃ, Mrk.9:23; τὸ ἔτι ἅπαξ, Heb.12:27; τὸ ἀνέβη, Eph.4:9, al. __5. To prepositional phrases: οἱ ἀπὸ Ἰταλίας, Heb.13:24; οἱ ἐκ νόμου, Rom.4:14; neut. accusative absol., in adverbial phrases, τὸ καθ᾽ ἡμέραν, daily, Luk.11:3; τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, as regards the flesh, Rom.9:5. __6. To nouns in the genitive, denoting kinship, association, etc.: ὁ τοῦ, the son of (unless context indicates a different relationship), Mat.10:2, al.; τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, the things that pertain to God, Mat.16:23; τὰ τῆς εἰρήνης, Rom.14:19 (cf. M, Pr., 81ff.; Bl, §§46, 47). (AS)
Usage: Occurs in 7033 NT verses. KJV: the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc See also: 1 Corinthians 1:1; 1 Corinthians 7:16; 1 Corinthians 11:24.
This is a conjunction that means and, but, or then, used to connect ideas like in Matthew 1:2 and 2 Corinthians 6:15.
Definition: δέ (before vowels δ᾽; on the general neglect of the elision in NT, see WH, App., 146; Tdf., Pr., 96), post-positive conjunctive particle; __1. copulative, but, in the next place, and, now (Abbott, JG, 104): Mat.1:2ff., 2Co.6:15, 16, 2Pe.1:5-7; in repetition for emphasis, Rom.3:21, 22, 9:30, 1Co.2:6, Gal.2:2, Php.2:8; in transition to something new, Mat.1:18, 2:19, Luk.13:1, Jhn.7:14, Act.6:1, Rom.8:28, 1Co.7:1 8:1, al.; in explanatory parenthesis or addition, Jhn.3:19, Rom.5:8, 1Co.1:12, Eph.2:4, 5:32, al.; ὡς δέ, Jhn.2:9; καὶ . . . δέ, but also, Mat.10:18, Luk.1:76, Jhn.6:51, Rom.11:23, al.; καὶ ἐὰν δέ, yea even if, Jhn.8:16. __2. Adversative, but, on the other hand, prop., answering to a foregoing μέν (which see), and distinguishing a word or clause from one preceding (in NT most frequently without μέν; Bl., §77, 12): ἐὰν δέ, Mat.6:14, 23, al.; ἐγὼ (σὺ, etc.) δέ, Mat.5:22, 6:6, Mrk.8:29, al.; ὁ δέ, αὐτὸς δέ, Mrk.1:45, Luk.4:40, al.; after a negation, Mat.6:19, 20, Rom.3:4, 1Th.5:21, al. (AS)
Usage: Occurs in 2552 NT verses. KJV: also, and, but, moreover, now (often unexpressed in English) See also: 1 Corinthians 1:10; 1 Corinthians 12:9; 1 Peter 1:7.
To indulge means to live a life of excess and luxury, as warned against in 1 Timothy 5:6 and James 5:5. It involves giving in to selfish desires and living riotously.
Definition: σπαταλάω, -ῶ (σπατάλη, wantonness, luxury, Sir.27:13 *), [in LXX: Eze.16:49 (שָׁקַט hi.), Sir.21:15 * ;] to live riotously: 1Ti.5:6, Jas.5:5 (Polyb.).† SYN.: στρηνιάω, τρυφάω (see Tr., Syn., § liv) (AS)
Usage: Occurs in 2 NT verses. KJV: live in pleasure, be wanton See also: 1 Timothy 5:6; James 5:5.
To live means to have life, either physically or spiritually, as seen in Acts 20:12 and Romans 7:1-3. It can also refer to being alive with Christ, like in Philippians 1:21.
Definition: ζάω, -ῶ, [in LXX chiefly for חיה (most frequently ptcp., ζῶν, inf., ζῆν, for חַי ;] __1. prop., to live, be alive (see Syn., see word βίος; in cl. usually of animal life, but sometimes of plants, as Arist., Eth. N, i, 7, 12): Act.20:12, Rom.7:1-3, 1Co.7:39, Rev.19:20, al.; ἐν αὐτῷ ζῶμεν, Act.17:28; ἐμοὶ τὸ ζῆν Χριστός, Php.1:21; διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν (M, Pr., 215, 249), Heb.2:15; ὃ δὲ νῦν ζῶ ἐν σαρκί, Gal.2:20; ζῇ ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός, Gal.2:20; (ὁ) ζῶν, of God (אֵל חַי and cognate phrases, Jos.3:10, Hos.2:1 (1:10), Isa.37:4, al.; see DCG, ii, 39a), Mat.16:16, Jhn.6:57, Rom.9:26, 1Th.1:9, Heb.3:12, Rev.7:2, al.; in juristic phrase, ζῶ ἐγώ (חַי־אָנִי, Num.14:21, al.), as I live, Rom.14:11; ζῆν ἐπ᾽ ἄρτῳ, Mat.4:4, al.; ἐκ, 1Co.9:14; of coming to life, Mrk.16:[11], Rom.6:10 14:9, 2Co.13:4; opposite to νεκρός, Rev.1:18 2:8; metaphorically, Luk.15:32; ζῆν ἐκ νεκρῶν, Rom.6:13; of the spiritual life of Christians, Luk.10:28, Jhn.5:25, Rom.1:17 8:13; εἰς τ. αἰῶνα, Jhn.6:51, 58; σὺν Χριστῷ, 1Th.5:10; ὄνομα ἔχεις ὅτι ζῇς, Rev.3:1. __2. As sometimes in cl., = βιόω, to live, pass one's life: Luk.2:36, Act.26:5, Rom.7:9, Col.2:20; ἐν πίστει, Gal.2:20; ἐν τ. ἁμαρτίᾳ, Rom.6:2; εὐσεβῶς, 2Ti.3:12; ἀσώτως, Luk.15:13; with dative (cl.), ἑαυτῳ (Field, Notes, 164), Rom.14:7, 2Co.5:15; τ. δικαιοσύνῃ, Luk.20:38, Rom.6:10, 11 Gal.2:19; τ. Χριστῷ, 2Co.5:15; τ. θεῷ, 1Pe.2:24; πνεύματι, Gal.5:25; κατὰ σάρκα, Rom.8:12, 13; __3. Of inanimate things, metaphorically: ὕδωρ ζῶν (i.e. springing water, as opposite to still water), in a spiritual sense, Jhn.4:10, 11 7:38 (DCG, ii, 39f.): ἐλπὶς ζῶσα, 1Pe.1:3; ὁδὸς ζῶσα, Heb.10:20 (cf. ἀνα-, συν-ζάω; Cremer, 270, 721). (AS)
Usage: Occurs in 126 NT verses. KJV: life(-time), (a-)live(-ly), quick See also: 1 Corinthians 7:39; John 4:11; 1 Peter 1:3.
To die or be dead, like in Mark 15:44, where Jesus' death is confirmed. It can also mean spiritual death, as in 1 Timothy 5:6, where a widow who lives for pleasure is considered dead.
Definition: θνήσκω [in LXX chiefly for מוּת ;] to die; pf. (M, Pr., 114), to be dead: Mat.2:20, Mrk.15:44, Luk.7:12 8:49, Jhn.11:44 19:33, Act.14:19 25:19; metaphorically, of spiritual death, 1Ti.5:6 (cf. ἀπο-, συν-απο-θνήσκω).† (AS)
Usage: Occurs in 13 NT verses. KJV: be dead, die See also: 1 Timothy 5:6; John 11:44; Matthew 2:20.
Context — Honoring True Widows
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) |
| 1 |
James 5:5 |
You have lived on earth in luxury and self-indulgence. You have fattened your hearts in the day of slaughter. |
| 2 |
Revelation 18:7 |
As much as she has glorified herself and lived in luxury, give her the same measure of torment and grief. In her heart she says, ‘I sit as queen; I am not a widow and will never see grief.’ |
| 3 |
Luke 15:24 |
For this son of mine was dead and is alive again! He was lost and is found!’ So they began to celebrate. |
| 4 |
Revelation 3:1 |
“To the angel of the church in Sardis write: These are the words of the One who holds the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars. I know your deeds; you have a reputation for being alive, yet you are dead. |
| 5 |
Luke 15:32 |
But it was fitting to celebrate and be glad, because this brother of yours was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found.’” |
| 6 |
Ephesians 2:1 |
And you were dead in your trespasses and sins, |
| 7 |
Matthew 8:22 |
But Jesus told him, “Follow Me, and let the dead bury their own dead.” |
| 8 |
Ephesians 5:14 |
So it is said: “Wake up, O sleeper, rise up from the dead, and Christ will shine on you.” |
| 9 |
Psalms 73:5–7 |
They are free of the burdens others carry; they are not afflicted like other men. Therefore pride is their necklace; a garment of violence covers them. From their prosperity proceeds iniquity; the imaginations of their hearts run wild. |
| 10 |
Luke 15:13 |
After a few days, the younger son got everything together and journeyed to a distant country, where he squandered his wealth in wild living. |
1 Timothy 5:6 Summary
This verse is saying that if we focus too much on the things that bring us pleasure in this world, we can become disconnected from God and what truly matters. This doesn't mean that we can't enjoy the good things in life, but rather that we should prioritize our relationship with God above all else, as it says in Matthew 6:33 to 'seek first the kingdom of God'. When we put God first, we can experience true life and purpose, rather than just living for temporary pleasures. By trusting in God's provision and living a life of faith, like the widow in 1 Timothy 5:5, we can experience a deeper sense of fulfillment and joy that goes beyond worldly pleasures.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does it mean to 'live for pleasure' in the context of 1 Timothy 5:6?
To live for pleasure means to prioritize worldly desires and comforts above a relationship with God, as seen in Ephesians 2:3, where it is written that we once followed the ways of the world and the ruler of the kingdom of the air.
How can someone be 'dead even while she is still alive'?
This phrase suggests that a person who prioritizes worldly pleasures over a relationship with God is spiritually dead, even if they are physically alive, as Jesus taught in Luke 9:60, saying 'Let the dead bury their own dead' to a would-be follower.
Is this verse only talking about widows, or does it apply to all believers?
While the verse is addressed to widows in the context of 1 Timothy 5, the principle applies to all believers, as seen in 1 Timothy 5:8, where it says that anyone who does not provide for their own household has denied the faith.
What is the opposite of 'living for pleasure' according to the Bible?
The opposite of living for pleasure is to live a life of service, love, and devotion to God, as seen in 1 Timothy 5:5, where the widow who is truly in need puts her hope in God and continues in petitions and prayers, demonstrating a life of faith and trust in God's provision, similar to what is described in Proverbs 31:30, where a woman who fears the Lord is to be praised.
Reflection Questions
- What are some ways I prioritize worldly pleasures in my own life, and how can I surrender these to God?
- In what ways can I 'put my hope in God' and trust in His provision, as the widow in 1 Timothy 5:5 does?
- How can I ensure that my priorities are aligned with God's will, rather than my own desires for pleasure and comfort?
- What does it mean to be 'spiritually dead', and how can I examine my own heart to see if I am living a life that is pleasing to God?
Gill's Exposition on 1 Timothy 5:6
But she that liveth in pleasure,.... Voluptuously, and deliciously; lives a wanton, loose, and licentious life, serving divers lusts and pleasures:, is dead while she liveth; is dead in trespasses
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Timothy 5:6
But she that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth. She that liveth in pleasure - the opposite of the self-denying widow, 1 Timothy 5:5; therefore one undeserving of church charity.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on 1 Timothy 5:6
H de sqatalwsa, she that is wanton, , she that spends her money in needless costs, as to meat, drink, or apparel, is spiritually dead, dead in sin, while she liveth a temporary voluptuous life, in vanity, and luxury, and impurity of flesh and spirit.
Trapp's Commentary on 1 Timothy 5:6
6 But she that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth. Ver. 6. Is dead while she liveth] Cum careat pura mente, cadaver agit. Pamphilius in Terence saith the like of a light housewife. Sane hercle homo voluptati obsequens fuit dum vixit. St Paul’ s Greek cannot well be rendered but by Terence’ s Latin, and Terence’ s Latin cannot well be put into other Greek. But she that liveth in pleasure] Gr. σπαταλωσα. The delicate dame, such as were those wanton daughters of Sion, those mincing minions mentioned Isaiah 3:16-26, as also those of Tyre and Sidon, those of Phoenicia, so called from the Syriac phinneck, delicate: the Greeks call them τρυφεροι, such as lie melting in sensual delights and sinful pleasures, in the froth whereof groweth that worm that never dieth, James 5:5. I have read of a gallant addicted to uncleanness, who at last meeting with a beautiful dame, and having enjoyed his fleshly desires of her, found her in the morning to be the dead body of one that he had formerly sinned with, which had been acted by the devil all night, and left dead again in the morning. Sure he had but ψυχρονπαραγκαλισμα, a cold armful of her at length (as Lycophron saith of an evil wife), and if God had given grace, it might have brought him to better courses; but where that is wanting, no warning will serve turn.
Jeroboam had as great a miracle wrought before him in the drying up of his hand, as St Paul at his conversion, yet was he not wrought upon, because the Spirit did not set it on. Besides, grace is seated in the powers of nature. Now carnal sins disable nature, and so set men in a greater distance from grace, as taking away the heart, Hosea 4:11.
Ellicott's Commentary on 1 Timothy 5:6
(6) But she that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth.—This is a thoroughly Pauline thought, set forth in other language in the Roman Epistle, Romans 8:13 : “For if ye live after the flesh ye shall die.” The word in the Greek rendered “she that liveth in pleasure” is very remarkable, and in the New Testament is found only in one other place (James 5:5). The widow-woman who could so forget her sorrow and her duty is spoken of as a living corpse, and sharply contrasted with her far happier sister, who, dead to the pleasures of the flesh, living a life of prayer and of self-denial, in the true sense of the word, may be spoken of as living. A very different estimate of life was held by the greatest of Greek poets, who writes thus of men giving up pleasures: “I do not consider that such a one lives, but I regard him as a living corpse” (Antigone of Sophocles, 1166-7, Dindorf). Comp., too, Revelation 3:1.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on 1 Timothy 5:6
Verse 6. But she that liveth in pleasure] Ἡδεσπαταλωσα· She that liveth delicately-voluptuously indulging herself with dainties; it does not indicate grossly criminal pleasures; but simply means one who indulges herself in good eating and drinking, pampering her body at the expense of her mind. The word is used in reference to what we term petted and spoiled children; and a remarkable passage, is produced by Kypke, from an epistle of Theanus to Eubulus, found in Opusc. Myth. Galaei, page 741, where he says: "What can be done with that boy, who, if he have not food when and as he pleases, bursts out into weeping; and, if he eats, must have dainties and sweetmeats? If the weather be hot he complains of fatigue; if it be cold, he trembles; if he be reproved, he scolds; if every thing be not provided for him according to his wish, he is enraged. If he eats not, he breaks out into fits of anger. He basely indulges himself in pleasure; and in every respect acts voluptuously and effeminately. Knowing then, O friend, ὁτιτασπαταλωντατωνπαιδιων, ὁτανακμασῃπροςανδρας, ανδραποδαγινεται, ταςτοιαυταςἡδοναςαφαιρει· that boys living thus voluptuously, when they grow up are wont to become slaves; take away, therefore, such pleasures from them." I have introduced this long quotation, the better to fix the meaning of the apostle, and to show that the life of pleasure mentioned here does not mean prostitution or uncleanness of any kind, though such a life may naturally lead to dissolute manners. Is dead while she liveth.] No purpose of life is answered by the existence of such a person.
Seneca, in Epist. 60, says of pleasure-takers, and those who live a voluptuous life: Hos itaque animalium loco numeremus, non hominum: quosdam vero ne animalium quidem, sed mortuorum-mortem antecesserunt. "We rank such persons with brutes, not with men; and some of them not even with brutes, but with dead carcasses. They anticipate their own death." Such persons are, as the apostle says elsewhere, dead in trespasses, and dead in sins.
Cambridge Bible on 1 Timothy 5:6
6. liveth in pleasure] The word occurs only once besides in N.T., James 5:5; where it is coupled with ‘living delicately,’ and is translated by R.V. ‘have taken your pleasure,’ consistently with its rendering here ‘giveth herself to pleasure.’ But surely all the connexion and derivation of the word points to a worse meaning, the rioting of a prodigal; as e.g. its use by the LXX. (as Bp Ellicott points out) in Ezekiel 16:49, ‘this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom, pride, fulness of bread, and abundance of idleness was in her and in her daughters.’ It is reproduced in the cognate ‘wax wanton’ of 1 Timothy 5:11. Render perhaps she that liveth a prodigal’s life. Stress is laid on this being brought out, because St Paul is painting the two pictures, for contrast, in the strongest colours, one all saint, one all sinner.is dead while she liveth] Has no ‘hold on the life which is life indeed,’ as urged 1 Timothy 6:19.
Barnes' Notes on 1 Timothy 5:6
But she that liveth in pleasure - Margin, “delicately.” The Greek word (σπαταλάω spatalaō) occurs nowhere else in the New Testament, except in James 5:5, “Ye have lived in pleasure on the earth.”
Whedon's Commentary on 1 Timothy 5:6
6. The spurious widow, that liveth in pleasure—not necessarily unchaste, but gay and prodigal—is dead to all Christian life, while she liveth a free secular life.
Sermons on 1 Timothy 5:6
| Sermon | Description |
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Matthew 4:8-11. the Third Temptation of Christ.
by Favell Lee Mortimer
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Favell Lee Mortimer preaches about the persistence of Satan in tempting us, using examples from the Bible where individuals resisted one temptation but fell into another. He emphas |
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1 Corinthians 15:11
by St. John Chrysostom
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John Chrysostom preaches about the dangers of luxury and the importance of self-control, highlighting how indulging in excess leads to spiritual and physical harm, causing the soul |
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Homily 5 on the Statues
by St. John Chrysostom
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John Chrysostom continues his exhortation to the people, urging them to bear with fortitude the impending wrath of the Emperor. He refers to the examples of Job and the Ninevites t |
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Day 65, 2 Thessalonians 3
by David Servant
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David Servant preaches on the power of prayer for evangelists, apostles, and missionaries, emphasizing Paul's belief in the impact of believers' prayers on his deliverance from per |
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Undisciplined Lifestyles (Part 2)
by Mose Stoltzfus
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In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of discipline and self-control in the Christian life. He compares the Christian's journey to a race, where one must keep thei |
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An Inquiry After Truth and Righteousness, and After the People, &C.
by Isaac Penington
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Greek Word Studies for an aid_number 34478 preaches on the significance of mourning over sin, emphasizing the need for genuine confession, repentance, and sorrow. The preacher high |
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Psalms, Hymns, and Spiritual Songs
by J.C. Philpot
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J.C. Philpot emphasizes the importance of singing as a delightful part of worship bestowed by God to show forth His praise. He reflects on the original purpose of singing and how s |