1 Samuel 22:11

1 Samuel 22:11 in Multiple Translations

Berean Standard Bible BSB

Then the king sent messengers to summon Ahimelech the priest, the son of Ahitub, and his father’s whole family, who were priests at Nob. And all of them came to the king.

King James Version KJV

Then the king sent to call Ahimelech the priest, the son of Ahitub, and all his father’s house, the priests that were in Nob: and they came all of them to the king.

American Standard Version ASV

Then the king sent to call Ahimelech the priest, the son of Ahitub, and all his father’s house, the priests that were in Nob: and they came all of them to the king.

Bible in Basic English BBE

Then the king sent for Ahimelech the priest, the son of Ahitub, and for all the men of his father's family who were priests in Nob: and they all came to the king.

Free Bible Version FBV

The king sent a message to summon Ahimelech the priest, son of Ahitub, and all his family, who were priests at Nob. They all came to the king.

Geneva Bible 1599 GNV

Then the King sent to call Ahimelech the Priest the sonne of Ahitub, and all his fathers house, to wit, the Priests that were in Nob: and they came all to the King.

Young's Literal Translation YLT

And the king sendeth to call Ahimelech son of Ahitub, the priest, and all the house of his father, the priests, who [are] in Nob, and they come all of them unto the king;

World English Bible WEB

Then the king sent to call Ahimelech the priest, the son of Ahitub, and all his father’s house, the priests who were in Nob; and they all came to the king.

Noah Webster Bible WBS

Then the king sent to call Ahimelech the priest, the son of Ahitub, and all his father's house, the priests that were in Nob: and they came all of them to the king.

Douay-Rheims 1899 DRV

Then the king sent to call for Achimelech the priest the son of Achitob, and all his father’s house, the priests that were in Nobe, and they came all of them to the king.

Translation for Translators T4T

Then Saul summoned Ahimelech and all Ahimelech’s relatives who were priests at Nob. So they all came to the king.

Plain English Version PEV

As soon as Saul heard it, he sent a messenger to get Ahimelek and his family to come to him. You see, at that time, Ahimelek and the men in his family used to look after God’s ceremonies at Nob. After they got Saul’s message, they all went to his place.

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Berean Amplified Bible — 1 Samuel 22:11

BAB

Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

1 Samuel 22:11 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB

HEB וַ/יִּשְׁלַ֣ח הַ/מֶּ֡לֶךְ לִ/קְרֹא֩ אֶת אֲחִימֶ֨לֶךְ בֶּן אֲחִיט֜וּב הַ/כֹּהֵ֗ן וְ/אֵ֨ת כָּל בֵּ֥ית אָבִ֛י/ו הַ/כֹּהֲנִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּ/נֹ֑ב וַ/יָּבֹ֥אוּ כֻלָּ֖/ם אֶל הַ/מֶּֽלֶךְ

וַ/יִּשְׁלַ֣ח shâlach H7971 to send Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms

הַ/מֶּ֡לֶךְ melek H4428 King's Art | N-ms

לִ/קְרֹא֩ qârâʼ H7121 to call Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a

אֶת ʼêth H853 Obj. DirObjM

אֲחִימֶ֨לֶךְ ʼĂchîymelek H288 Ahimelech N-proper

בֶּן bên H1121 son N-ms

אֲחִיט֜וּב ʼĂchîyṭûwb H285 Ahitub N-proper

הַ/כֹּהֵ֗ן kôhên H3548 priest Art | N-ms

וְ/אֵ֨ת ʼêth H853 Obj. Conj | DirObjM

כָּל kôl H3605 all N-ms

בֵּ֥ית bayith H1004 place N-ms

אָבִ֛י/ו ʼâb H1 father N-ms | Suff

הַ/כֹּהֲנִ֖ים kôhên H3548 priest Art | N-mp

אֲשֶׁ֣ר ʼăsher H834 which Rel

בְּ/נֹ֑ב Nôb H5011 Nob Prep | N-proper

וַ/יָּבֹ֥אוּ bôwʼ H935 Lebo Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp

כֻלָּ֖/ם kôl H3605 all N-ms | Suff

אֶל ʼêl H413 to(wards) Prep

הַ/מֶּֽלֶךְ melek H4428 King's Art | N-ms

Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — 1 Samuel 22:11

וַ/יִּשְׁלַ֣ח shâlach H7971 "to send" Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms

To send or depart is the meaning of this Hebrew word, which has various applications in the Bible. It can describe sending someone or something away, or letting something go.

Definition: : depart/send 1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to send 1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct 1a3) to send away 1a4) to let loose 1b) (Niphal) to be sent 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out 1c2) to let go, set free 1c3) to shoot forth (of branches) 1c4) to let down 1c5) to shoot 1d) (Pual) to be sent off, be put away, be divorced, be impelled 1e) (Hiphil) to send

Usage: Occurs in 790 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] any wise, appoint, bring (on the way), cast (away, out), conduct, [idiom] earnestly, forsake, give (up), grow long, lay, leave, let depart (down, go, loose), push away, put (away, forth, in, out), reach forth, send (away, forth, out), set, shoot (forth, out), sow, spread, stretch forth (out). See also: Genesis 3:22; Exodus 9:27; Joshua 14:11.

הַ/מֶּ֡לֶךְ melek H4428 "King's" Art | N-ms

This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.

Definition: King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)

Usage: Occurs in 1919 OT verses. KJV: king, royal. See also: Genesis 14:1; Joshua 10:39; 1 Samuel 16:1.

לִ/קְרֹא֩ qârâʼ H7121 "to call" Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a

This Hebrew word means to call out to someone or something, often by name. It's used in many situations, like calling for help or reading aloud. In Genesis, God calls out to Adam in the Garden.

Definition: : call_to/invite/entreat 1) to call, call out, recite, read, cry out, proclaim 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to call, cry, utter a loud sound 1a2) to call unto, cry (for help), call (with name of God) 1a3) to proclaim 1a4) to read aloud, read (to oneself), read 1a5) to summon, invite, call for, call and commission, appoint, call and endow 1a6) to call, name, give name to, call by 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to call oneself 1b2) to be called, be proclaimed, be read aloud, be summoned, be named 1c) (Pual) to be called, be named, be called out, be chosen

Usage: Occurs in 689 OT verses. KJV: bewray (self), that are bidden, call (for, forth, self, upon), cry (unto), (be) famous, guest, invite, mention, (give) name, preach, (make) proclaim(-ation), pronounce, publish, read, renowned, say. See also: Genesis 1:5; Genesis 49:1; Judges 1:26.

אֶת ʼêth H853 "Obj." DirObjM

In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.

Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.

אֲחִימֶ֨לֶךְ ʼĂchîymelek H288 "Ahimelech" N-proper

Ahimelech was a priest and a friend of King David, who helped him when he was in need. He was tragically murdered by Doeg at the command of King Saul. His name means 'my brother is king'.

Definition: A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.8.17; son of: Abiathar (H0054); brother of: Jonathan (H3083I) Also named: a.vi.me.lekh (אֲבִימֶ֫לֶךְ "Ahimelech" H0040J) § Ahimelech = "my brother is king" or "brother of Melek" 1) a priest murdered by Doeg at Saul's command, for supposedly assisting David 2) a Hittite warrior under David

Usage: Occurs in 16 OT verses. KJV: Ahimelech. See also: 1 Samuel 21:2; 1 Samuel 23:6; Psalms 52:2.

בֶּן bên H1121 "son" N-ms

In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.

Definition: : child/son

Usage: Occurs in 3653 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. See also: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 23:3; Genesis 34:18.

אֲחִיט֜וּב ʼĂchîyṭûwb H285 "Ahitub" N-proper

Ahitub was a priest in the Bible, mentioned in 1 Chronicles as the son of Uzzi and father of Meraioth. His name means my brother is good, and he was part of the tribe of Levi, playing a role in the religious leadership of Israel.

Definition: A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.6.6; son of: Uzzi (H5813); father of: Meraioth (H4812); also called Ahitub at 1Ch.9.11; 1x Another name of ze.rach.yah (זְרַחְיָה "Zerahiah" H2228G) § Ahitub = "my brother is good (goodness)" 1) a grandson of Eli 2) the father of Zadok the priest

Usage: Occurs in 15 OT verses. KJV: Ahitub. See also: 1 Samuel 14:3; 1 Chronicles 5:34; Nehemiah 11:11.

הַ/כֹּהֵ֗ן kôhên H3548 "priest" Art | N-ms

In the Bible, a priest is a person who serves God and leads others in worship, like the Levitical priests in Exodus. They were responsible for making sacrifices and following God's laws. This term is also used to describe Jesus as a priest-king.

Definition: 1) priest, principal officer or chief ruler 1a) priest-king (Melchizedek, Messiah) 1b) pagan priests 1c) priests of Jehovah 1d) Levitical priests 1e) Zadokite priests 1f) Aaronic priests 1g) the high priest Aramaic equivalent: ka.hen (כָּהֵן "priest" H3549)

Usage: Occurs in 653 OT verses. KJV: chief ruler, [idiom] own, priest, prince, principal officer. See also: Genesis 14:18; Leviticus 13:33; Numbers 17:2.

וְ/אֵ֨ת ʼêth H853 "Obj." Conj | DirObjM

Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.

כָּל kôl H3605 "all" N-ms

The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.

Definition: 1) all, the whole 1a) all, the whole of 1b) any, each, every, anything 1c) totality, everything Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Usage: Occurs in 4242 OT verses. KJV: (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever). See also: Genesis 1:21; Genesis 17:10; Genesis 41:40.

בֵּ֥ית bayith H1004 "place" N-ms

The Hebrew word for house refers to a dwelling place, including a family home, temple, or even the human body. It appears in various contexts, such as the temple in Jerusalem or the household of a family. In the Bible, it is often used to describe a place of worship or a family's living space.

Definition: nm place, origin, between

Usage: Occurs in 1712 OT verses. KJV: court, daughter, door, [phrase] dungeon, family, [phrase] forth of, [idiom] great as would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter) house(-hold), inside(-ward), palace, place, [phrase] prison, [phrase] steward, [phrase] tablet, temple, web, [phrase] within(-out). See also: Genesis 6:14; Exodus 8:5; Numbers 1:45.

אָבִ֛י/ו ʼâb H1 "father" N-ms | Suff

In Hebrew, this word means father, whether literal or figurative. It is used to describe God as the father of his people, as well as human fathers like Abraham. The word is about a paternal relationship or authority.

Definition: 1) father of an individual 2) of God as father of his people 3) head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan 4) ancestor 4a) grandfather, forefathers - of person 4b) of people 5) originator or patron of a class, profession, or art 6) of producer, generator (fig.) 7) of benevolence and protection (fig.) 8) term of respect and honour 9) ruler or chief (spec.) Also means: av (אַב "father" H0002)

Usage: Occurs in 1060 OT verses. KJV: chief, (fore-) father(-less), [idiom] patrimony, principal. Compare names in 'Abi-'. See also: Genesis 2:24; Genesis 42:37; Leviticus 19:3.

הַ/כֹּהֲנִ֖ים kôhên H3548 "priest" Art | N-mp

Usage: Occurs in 653 OT verses. KJV: chief ruler, [idiom] own, priest, prince, principal officer. See also: Genesis 14:18; Leviticus 13:33; Numbers 17:2.

אֲשֶׁ֣ר ʼăsher H834 "which" Rel

This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.

Definition: A: 1) (relative part.) 1a) which, who 1b) that which 2) (conj) 2a) that (in obj clause) 2b) when 2c) since 2d) as 2e) conditional if B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which 2) (adv) 2a) where 3) (conj) 3a) in that, inasmuch as 3b) on account of C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which 2) from (the place) where 3) from (the fact) that, since D: Kaph+ 1) (conj.), according as, as, when 1a) according to that which, according as, as 1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since 1c) with a temporal force: when

Usage: Occurs in 4440 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection. See also: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 20:9; Genesis 31:16.

בְּ/נֹ֑ב Nôb H5011 "Nob" Prep | N-proper

Nob was a priestly city in ancient Palestine, located near Jerusalem in the territory of Benjamin. It was situated on a high place, which is how it got its name.

Definition: § Nob = "high place" a priestly city in the Benjamin situated on some eminence north but near Jerusalem

Usage: Occurs in 6 OT verses. KJV: Nob. See also: 1 Samuel 21:2; 1 Samuel 22:19; Isaiah 10:32.

וַ/יָּבֹ֥אוּ bôwʼ H935 "Lebo" Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp

This verb means to go or come, and is used in many contexts, such as entering a place or approaching someone, as seen in the book of Genesis. It can also mean to abide or apply, and is translated in various ways in the KJV Bible. This term is related to the name Lebo Hamath.

Definition: A shortened name of Lebo Hamath complined withcha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574) This name means to go in, enter

Usage: Occurs in 2307 OT verses. KJV: abide, apply, attain, [idiom] be, befall, [phrase] besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, [idiom] certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out, upon, to pass), depart, [idiom] doubtless again, [phrase] eat, [phrase] employ, (cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be fallen, fetch, [phrase] follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war), grant, [phrase] have, [idiom] indeed, (in-) vade, lead, lift (up), mention, pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, [idiom] (well) stricken (in age), [idiom] surely, take (in), way. See also: Genesis 2:19; Genesis 32:7; Exodus 1:19.

כֻלָּ֖/ם kôl H3605 "all" N-ms | Suff

Definition: 1) all, the whole 1a) all, the whole of 1b) any, each, every, anything 1c) totality, everything Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

אֶל ʼêl H413 "to(wards)" Prep

This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.

Definition: 1) to, toward, unto (of motion) 2) into (limit is actually entered) 2a) in among 3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion) 4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character) 5) in addition to, to 6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of 7) according to (rule or standard) 8) at, by, against (of one's presence) 9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

Usage: Occurs in 4205 OT verses. KJV: about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in). See also: Genesis 1:9; Genesis 21:14; Genesis 31:13.

הַ/מֶּֽלֶךְ melek H4428 "King's" Art | N-ms

Definition: King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)

Usage: Occurs in 1919 OT verses. KJV: king, royal. See also: Genesis 14:1; Joshua 10:39; 1 Samuel 16:1.

Study Notes — 1 Samuel 22:11

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Context
Cross References
1 Samuel 22:11 Summary
Frequently Asked Questions
Reflection Questions
Gill's Exposition on 1 Samuel 22:11
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Samuel 22:11
Matthew Poole's Commentary on 1 Samuel 22:11
Trapp's Commentary on 1 Samuel 22:11
Ellicott's Commentary on 1 Samuel 22:11
Sermons on 1 Samuel 22:11

Context — Saul Slays the Priests of Nob

9But Doeg the Edomite, who had stationed himself with Saul’s servants, answered: “I saw the son of Jesse come to Ahimelech son of Ahitub at Nob. 10Ahimelech inquired of the LORD for him and gave him provisions. He also gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine.”

11Then the king sent messengers to summon Ahimelech the priest, the son of Ahitub, and his father’s whole family, who were priests at Nob. And all of them came to the king.

12“Listen now, son of Ahitub,” said Saul. “Here I am, my lord,” he replied. 13And Saul asked him, “Why have you and the son of Jesse conspired against me? You gave him bread and a sword and inquired of God for him so that he could rise up against me to lie in wait, as he is doing today.”

Cross References

	Reference	Text (BSB)
1	Romans 3:15	“Their feet are swift to shed blood;

1 Samuel 22:11 Summary

[This verse tells us that King Saul sent for Ahimelech, a priest, and his family because he was angry that Ahimelech had helped David, as seen in 1 Samuel 22:10. Ahimelech had inquired of the Lord for David and given him food and a sword, which made Saul think they were plotting against him, as stated in 1 Samuel 22:13. This shows how quickly fear and suspicion can lead to trouble, as warned in Proverbs 29:25. We can learn from Ahimelech's bravery and obedience to God, and remember that God is always with us, even in difficult situations, as promised in Isaiah 41:10 and Matthew 28:20.]

Frequently Asked Questions

Why did King Saul summon Ahimelech and his family?

King Saul summoned Ahimelech and his family because he was angry that Ahimelech had helped David, as seen in 1 Samuel 22:10, and he wanted to confront them about their actions, which he perceived as a conspiracy against him, as stated in 1 Samuel 22:13.

Who was Ahimelech and what was his role?

Ahimelech was a priest and the son of Ahitub, and he was in charge of the priests at Nob, as mentioned in 1 Samuel 22:11, where he inquired of the Lord for David and provided him with provisions and the sword of Goliath the Philistine, as seen in 1 Samuel 22:10.

What can we learn from Ahimelech's actions in this verse?

Ahimelech's actions demonstrate his obedience to God and his willingness to help those in need, as seen in his inquiry of the Lord for David and his provision of food and a sword, which is similar to the way God helps us in our times of need, as promised in Psalm 23:4 and Matthew 6:33.

How does this verse relate to the rest of the story of David and Saul?

This verse is a pivotal moment in the story of David and Saul, as it shows Saul's growing mistrust and anger towards David, and sets the stage for the events that will unfold in the subsequent chapters, including David's flight from Saul and his eventual rise to kingship, as seen in 1 Samuel 23:1-29 and 2 Samuel 2:1-7.

Reflection Questions

What would I do if I were in Ahimelech's position, and how would I respond to King Saul's summons?
How can I, like Ahimelech, be obedient to God and help those in need, even if it means facing opposition or danger?
What can I learn from King Saul's actions in this verse, and how can I avoid making similar mistakes in my own life?
How does this verse relate to the broader theme of God's sovereignty and providence in our lives, as seen in Romans 8:28 and Jeremiah 29:11?

Gill's Exposition on 1 Samuel 22:11

Then the king sent to call Ahimelech the priest, the son of Ahitub,.... Sent messengers to him, and summoned him to appear before him: and all his father's house; the family of Eli, which God had

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Samuel 22:11

Then the king sent to call Ahimelech the priest, the son of Ahitub, and all his father's house, the priests that were in Nob: and they came all of them to the king. No JFB commentary on these verses.

Matthew Poole's Commentary on 1 Samuel 22:11

All his father’ s house; of the house of Eli, which God had threatened to cut off, .

Trapp's Commentary on 1 Samuel 22:11

1 Samuel 22:11 Then the king sent to call Ahimelech the priest, the son of Ahitub, and all his father’ s house, the priests that [were] in Nob: and they came all of them to the king.Ver. 11. Then the king sent to call Ahimelech.] Under a pretence of justice, but himself will needs be both his accuser and his judge; and let him make never so good an apology, he must die for it; that is resolved on. And all his father’ s house.] The remnant of Eli’ s house, so long since doomed to destruction. If God’ s word sleep, it shall not die; but, after long intermissions, breaks forth into those effects which we had forgotten to look for and ceased to fear.

Ellicott's Commentary on 1 Samuel 22:11

(11) Then the king sent to call Ahimelech.—This sending for all the priestly house to Gibeah when alone Ahimelech was to blame—if blame there was—looks as though Saul and Doeg had determined upon the wholesale massacre which followed.

Sermons on 1 Samuel 22:11

	Sermon	Description
	Samson - Physically Strong, Morally Weak by William MacDonald	In this sermon, the speaker shares a story about a river that went dry and a man who tried to cover up a dead body in the riverbed. However, the body was eventually discovered and
	The Futility of One Nation Above God by Shane Idleman	Shane Idleman emphasizes the futility of prioritizing a nation above God, particularly in the context of Memorial Day, urging remembrance of the sacrifices made for freedoms that a
	Are We Preaching the Gospel? by K.C. Moser	The preacher delves into the dual meanings of 'oxus' in the Bible, highlighting its representation of rapid motion and sharpness, particularly in the book of Revelation. This sharp
	Holiness: It's Fruit by G. Campbell Morgan	G. Campbell Morgan emphasizes that being 'in Christ' transforms a person into a new creation, where the old self and its desires pass away, making way for a life centered on God. H
	Marks of a Saving Change by William Guthrie	William Guthrie preaches about the marks by which a person may know if they are in covenant with God and have a special interest in Christ. He discusses the preparatory work of the