Hebrew Word Reference — 1 Kings 4:5
Azariah was the name of nineteen different Israelites, including a king of Judah and a friend of Daniel who was renamed Abednego by King Nebuchadnezzar. His name means Jehovah has helped.
Definition: A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Dan.1.6; also called Abednego at Dan.2.49; 3.12,13,14,16,19,20,22,23,26,28,29,30; § Azariah = "Jehovah has helped" 1) son of king Amaziah of Judah and king of Judah himself for 52 years; also 'Uzziah' 2) the godly friend of Daniel who Nebuchadnezzar renamed Abednego; one of the three friends who with Daniel refused to make themselves unclean by eating food from the king's table which went against the dietary laws which God had given the Jews; also one of the three who were thrown into the fiery furnace for refusing to bow down to a graven image of Nebuchadnezzar and who were saved by the angel of the Lord 2a) also, 'Abednego' (H5664 or H5665) 3) son of Nathan and an officer of Solomon; perhaps David's grandson and Solomon's nephew 4) a prophet in the days of king Asa of Judah 5) son of king Jehoshaphat of Judah and brother to 5 6) another son of king Jehoshaphat of Judah and brother to 4 7) a priest, son of Ahimaaz, grandson of Zadok and high priest in the reign of king Solomon 8) the high priest in the reign of king Uzziah of Judah 9) a priest who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah; probably same as 18 10) a Kohathite Levite, father of Joel in the reign of king Hezekiah of Judah 11) a Merarite Levite, son of Jehalelel in the reign of king Hezekiah of Judah 12) a Kohathite Levite, son of Zephaniah and ancestor of Samuel the prophet 13) a Levite who helped Ezra in instructing the people in the law 14) son of Jeroham and one of the temple captains of Judah in the time of queen Athaliah; probably the same as 21 15) son of Maaseiah who repaired part of the wall of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah 16) one of the leaders who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel 17) a man who assisted in the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah; probably the same as 10 18) son of Johanan, one of the captains of Ephraim in the reign of king Ahaz of Judah 19) a Judaite, son of Ethan of the sons of Zerah 20) a Judaite, son of Jehu of the family of the Jerahmeelites and descended from Jarha the Egyptian slave of Sheshan; probably one of the captains of the time of queen Athaliah and the same as 15 21) a priest, son of Hilkiah 22) a priest, son of Johanan 23) son of king Jehoram of Judah; probably clerical error for 'Ahaziah' 24) son of Meraioth 25) son of Hoshaiah and one of the proud men who confronted Jeremiah
Usage: Occurs in 44 OT verses. KJV: Azariah. See also: 1 Kings 4:2; 2 Chronicles 21:2; Jeremiah 43:2.
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Definition: : child/son
Usage: Occurs in 3653 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. See also: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 23:3; Genesis 34:18.
Nathan was a prophet in the time of King David and Solomon, and his name means 'giver' in Hebrew, as mentioned in 1 Kings and 1 Chronicles.
Definition: A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at Ezr.10.39 § Nathan = "giver" 1) a son of David by Bathsheba 2) the eminent prophet in the time of David and Solomon 3) a man of Zobah, father of one of David's mighty warriors 4) father of Azariah who was over the officers of Solomon 5) son of Attai and father of Zabad of the tribe of Judah 6) brother of Joel of the tribe of Judah 7) one of the head men who returned from Babylon with Ezra 8) a man with a foreign wife in the time of Ezra 9) head of a family of Israel who shall mourn when they look on Him whom they pierced
Usage: Occurs in 39 OT verses. KJV: Nathan. See also: 2 Samuel 5:14; 1 Kings 1:34; Psalms 51:2.
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Definition: prep 1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against 1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards 1b) above, beyond, over (of excess) 1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence) 1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition) 1e) over (of suspension or extension) 1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity) 1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion) 1h) to (as a dative)
Usage: Occurs in 4493 OT verses. KJV: above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 24:13; Genesis 41:33.
To stand or station oneself, either physically or as an appointed official. This word is used in various contexts, including setting up a monument or establishing a leader. It can also mean to stand firm or be established in a position.
Definition: 1) to stand, take one's stand, stand upright, be set (over), establish 1a) (Niphal) 1a1) to station oneself, take one's stand 1a2) to stand, be stationed 1a3) to stand, take an upright position 1a4) to be stationed, be appointed 1a5) deputy, prefect, appointed, deputed (subst) 1a6) to stand firm 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to station, set 1b2) to set up, erect 1b3) to cause to stand erect 1b4) to fix, establish 1c) (Hophal) to be fixed, be determined, be stationary
Usage: Occurs in 75 OT verses. KJV: appointed, deputy, erect, establish, [idiom] Huzzah (by mistake for a proper name), lay, officer, pillar, present, rear up, set (over, up), settle, sharpen, establish, (make to) stand(-ing, still, up, upright), best state. See also: Genesis 18:2; 1 Samuel 15:12; Psalms 39:6.
Zabud, an Israelite and son of Nathan, was a priest and friend of King Solomon, as mentioned in 1 Kings 4:5. He held a high position in the kingdom. His name means 'given'.
Definition: A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ki.4.5; son of: Nathan (H5416H); brother of: Azariah (H5838H) § Zabud = "given" a priest, son of Nathan, who held the post of 'king's friend' to Solomon
Usage: Occurs in 1 OT verses. KJV: Zabud. See also: 1 Kings 4:5.
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Definition: : child/son
Usage: Occurs in 3653 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. See also: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 23:3; Genesis 34:18.
Nathan was a prophet in the time of King David and Solomon, and his name means 'giver' in Hebrew, as mentioned in 1 Kings and 1 Chronicles.
Definition: A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at Ezr.10.39 § Nathan = "giver" 1) a son of David by Bathsheba 2) the eminent prophet in the time of David and Solomon 3) a man of Zobah, father of one of David's mighty warriors 4) father of Azariah who was over the officers of Solomon 5) son of Attai and father of Zabad of the tribe of Judah 6) brother of Joel of the tribe of Judah 7) one of the head men who returned from Babylon with Ezra 8) a man with a foreign wife in the time of Ezra 9) head of a family of Israel who shall mourn when they look on Him whom they pierced
Usage: Occurs in 39 OT verses. KJV: Nathan. See also: 2 Samuel 5:14; 1 Kings 1:34; Psalms 51:2.
In the Bible, a priest is a person who serves God and leads others in worship, like the Levitical priests in Exodus. They were responsible for making sacrifices and following God's laws. This term is also used to describe Jesus as a priest-king.
Definition: 1) priest, principal officer or chief ruler 1a) priest-king (Melchizedek, Messiah) 1b) pagan priests 1c) priests of Jehovah 1d) Levitical priests 1e) Zadokite priests 1f) Aaronic priests 1g) the high priest Aramaic equivalent: ka.hen (כָּהֵן "priest" H3549)
Usage: Occurs in 653 OT verses. KJV: chief ruler, [idiom] own, priest, prince, principal officer. See also: Genesis 14:18; Leviticus 13:33; Numbers 17:2.
In the Bible, a friend is a male companion, like a buddy or a close associate, as seen in the stories of King David and his friends. This word is used to describe a strong bond between men. It appears in various books, including the historical accounts of the kings of Israel.
Definition: friend, friend of the king (technical sense)
Usage: Occurs in 4 OT verses. KJV: friend. See also: 2 Samuel 15:37; 1 Kings 4:5; Proverbs 27:10.
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Definition: King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
Usage: Occurs in 1919 OT verses. KJV: king, royal. See also: Genesis 14:1; Joshua 10:39; 1 Samuel 16:1.
Context — Solomon’s Princes
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) |
| 1 |
1 Chronicles 27:33 |
Ahithophel was the king’s counselor. Hushai the Archite was the king’s friend. |
| 2 |
2 Samuel 15:37 |
So David’s friend Hushai arrived in Jerusalem just as Absalom was entering the city. |
| 3 |
2 Samuel 16:16 |
And David’s friend Hushai the Archite went to Absalom and said to him, “Long live the king! Long live the king!” |
| 4 |
1 Kings 4:7 |
Solomon had twelve governors over all Israel to provide food for the king and his household. Each one would arrange provisions for one month of the year, |
| 5 |
John 15:14–15 |
You are My friends if you do what I command you. No longer do I call you servants, for a servant does not understand what his master is doing. But I have called you friends, because everything I have learned from My Father I have made known to you. |
| 6 |
2 Samuel 19:37–38 |
Please let your servant return, that I may die in my own city near the tomb of my father and mother. But here is your servant Chimham. Let him cross over with my lord the king, and do for him what is good in your sight.” The king replied, “Chimham will cross over with me, and I will do for him what seems good in your sight, and I will do for you whatever you desire of me.” |
| 7 |
2 Samuel 8:18 |
Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and Pelethites; and David’s sons were priestly leaders. |
| 8 |
2 Samuel 12:25 |
and sent word through Nathan the prophet to name him Jedidiah because the LORD loved him. |
| 9 |
2 Samuel 20:26 |
and Ira the Jairite was David’s priest. |
| 10 |
James 2:23 |
And the Scripture was fulfilled that says, “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness,” and he was called a friend of God. |
1 Kings 4:5 Summary
This verse describes two important roles in King Solomon's administration: Azariah son of Nathan, who was in charge of the governors, and Zabud son of Nathan, who was a priest and adviser to the king. These positions highlight the importance of effective leadership, spiritual guidance, and teamwork, as seen in other parts of the Bible, such as Exodus 18:13-27 and Matthew 20:25-28. By understanding these roles, we can learn valuable lessons about how to serve others and prioritize God's wisdom in our own lives. Just as King Solomon's administration was organized to support the kingdom, we can organize our own lives to serve God and others, as taught in Ephesians 4:11-12 and 1 Peter 4:10-11.
Frequently Asked Questions
What role did Azariah son of Nathan have in King Solomon's administration?
Azariah son of Nathan was in charge of the governors, as stated in 1 Kings 4:5, which indicates he had a high-ranking position in overseeing the regional leaders of Israel, similar to the role of officials in other ancient kingdoms, such as those described in Exodus 18:21-22 and Deuteronomy 1:15.
What was the significance of Zabud son of Nathan being a priest and adviser to the king?
As a priest, Zabud son of Nathan would have provided spiritual guidance to King Solomon, while as an adviser, he would have offered counsel on various matters, which highlights the importance of seeking God's wisdom, as encouraged in Proverbs 11:14 and Proverbs 24:6.
How did the positions of Azariah and Zabud son of Nathan relate to each other?
Both Azariah and Zabud son of Nathan were sons of Nathan, suggesting a family connection, and their roles may have been complementary, with Azariah handling administrative tasks and Zabud focusing on spiritual and advisory matters, demonstrating the value of teamwork and diverse skills, as seen in Romans 12:4-5 and 1 Corinthians 12:12-31.
What can we learn from the organizational structure of King Solomon's administration?
The organization of King Solomon's administration, as described in 1 Kings 4:1-19, demonstrates the importance of effective leadership, delegation, and specialization, which are principles that can be applied to our own lives and work, as taught in Luke 12:42-48 and 1 Corinthians 4:2.
Reflection Questions
- What are some ways I can use my skills and talents to serve others, just as Azariah and Zabud son of Nathan used their positions to support King Solomon?
- How can I seek God's wisdom and guidance in my own decision-making, just as King Solomon relied on his advisers, including Zabud son of Nathan?
- What are some areas in my life where I need to delegate tasks or seek help from others, and how can I do so effectively, as demonstrated by King Solomon's administration?
- In what ways can I prioritize spiritual guidance and counsel in my own life, just as King Solomon sought the advice of Zabud son of Nathan?
Gill's Exposition on 1 Kings 4:5
And Azariah the son of Nathan [was] over the officers,.... The twelve officers who provided food for Solomon's household after mentioned: and Zabud the son of Nathan; another of the sons of Nathan
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Kings 4:5
And Azariah the son of Nathan was over the officers: and Zabud the son of Nathan was principal officer, and the king's friend: Over the officers , [ hanitsaabiym (H5324)] - the prefects; i:e., the
Matthew Poole's Commentary on 1 Kings 4:5
Over the officers, or overseers, or surveyors, to wit, over those twelve officers named , &c., where this Hebrew word is used, who were all subject, and to give up their accounts to him; though the word signifies any governors or commanders of the higher sort, as . Son of Nathan, the prophet, who had been so highly instrumental in Solomon’ s establishment in the throne. Principal officer; possibly president of the king’ s council. The Hebrew word is cohen, which, , is rendered priest; whence some read this place thus: Zabud the son of Nathan the priest, or the minister, (as the word properly signifies, and that title well enough agrees to a prophet; or the prince, for the prophet Nathan was a man considerable both for his quality, and for his honour and esteem with the king,) was the king’ s friend. The king’ s friend; either his special favourite, both for his father’ s sake and for his own, having, it seems, been brought up with him; or his confidant, with whom he used to communicate his most secret counsels.
Trapp's Commentary on 1 Kings 4:5
1 Kings 4:5 And Azariah the son of Nathan [was] over the officers: and Zabud the son of Nathan [was] principal officer, [and] the king’ s friend:Ver. 5. And Azariah the son of Nathan, &c.] These two had been Solomon’ s fellow pupils, his play fellows, likely, and sons to his tutor, Nathan the prophet, who had done much for him, and for whom he could never do enough. Our king Edward VI did much for his tutor, Mr Cheek, and Queen Elizabeth for Dr Cox, upon whom she conferred many church dignities and real favours.
Ellicott's Commentary on 1 Kings 4:5
(5) Son of Nathan.—Probably Nathan, son of David, and own brother of Solomon (1 Chronicles 3:5), is here intended; for the title Cohen, here given to Zabud, is expressly ascribed in 2 Samuel 8:18 to the “sons of David;” and Nathan the prophet always has his title, “the prophet,” appended to his name wherever first mentioned in this book. (See 1 Kings 1:8; 1 Kings 1:10; 1 Kings 1:22; 1 Kings 1:32, &c.) Azariah is the “chief of the officers”—that is, chief over the twelve officers mentioned below (1 Kings 4:7-19)—living, however, at Court. Zabud, besides the title of Cohen, has that of “the king’s friend,” previously given to Hushai (2 Samuel 15:37; 2 Samuel 16:16), and apparently indicating special intimacy and wisdom as a “privy counsellor.”
Adam Clarke's Commentary on 1 Kings 4:5
Verse 5. Azariah - was over the officers] He had the superintendence of the twelve officers mentioned below; see 1Kg 4:7. Zabud - was principal officer] Perhaps what we call premier, or prime minister. The king's friend] His chief favourite - his confidant.
Cambridge Bible on 1 Kings 4:5
5. the officers] The word signifies such persons as had the oversight of any work. Thus the same word is used for the victualling officers in 1 Kings 4:7; it is again used in 1 Kings 5:16 for the persons at the head of the preparation for the temple-building, and in 1 Kings 9:23 of those who bare rule over the people that wrought in such works as the building of cities which is there described. principal officer] The Hebrew word is cohen, usually = ‘priest,’ but see on 1 Kings 4:2. the king’s friend] This means a chief and intimate counsellor. It is applied to Hushai (2 Samuel 15:37; 2 Samuel 16:16) and from the relation in which Hushai stood to David we may see what is implied in the title.
Barnes' Notes on 1 Kings 4:5
The son of Nathan - It is uncertain whether the Nathan of this verse is the prophet or the son of David 2 Samuel 5:14.
Whedon's Commentary on 1 Kings 4:5
5. Son of Nathan — This Nathan may have been either the prophet or son of David mentioned 2 Samuel 5:14. Over the officers — That is, the twelve officers mentioned in 1 Kings 4:7.
Sermons on 1 Kings 4:5
| Sermon | Description |
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Baby Jesus
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In this sermon, the speaker focuses on the topic of baby Jesus and the growth of the baby. He emphasizes the importance of giving time to God and feeding our spirits through worshi |
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The Way to Paradise
by A.W. Tozer
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In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of believing in the word of God and accepting Jesus as one's advocate. He encourages the listeners to come out on God's side |
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(Genesis) 32 - the Sign of the Abrahamic Covenant
by S. Lewis Johnson
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In this sermon, the preacher focuses on the marks of a true believer and the evidence of God's work in their heart and daily life. The sermon begins by discussing the structure of |
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The Story of Esther
by David Guzik
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In this sermon, the speaker begins by asking the congregation what God has been arranging in their lives and what they are being set up for. He emphasizes the importance of being i |
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Christ's Very Own - Part 2
by Ian Paisley
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This sermon reflects on the tragic betrayal and rejection of Jesus by those who should have been His friends, drawing parallels to the story of Abraham being called the friend of G |
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Bath Basin Bosom
by James A. Stewart
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In this sermon, the speaker reflects on the challenges faced by believers during times of war and upheaval. He shares personal experiences of living through World War II and witnes |
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James 02
by John W. Bramhall
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In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of proving our Christian faith through practical evidence in our daily lives. He refers to the words of the apostle Paul in 2 |