1 Samuel 9
BSB1 Now there was a Benjamite, a powerful man, whose name was Kish son of Abiel, the son of Zeror, the son of Becorath, the son of Aphiah of Benjamin. 2 And he had a son named Saul, choice and handsome, without equal among the Israelites—a head taller than any of the people. 3 One day the donkeys of Saul’s father Kish wandered off, and Kish said to his son Saul, “Take one of the servants and go look for the donkeys." 4 So Saul passed through the hill country of Ephraim and then through the land of Shalishah, but did not find the donkeys. He and the servant went through the region of Shaalim, but they were not there. Then they went through the land of Benjamin, and still they did not find them. 5 When they reached the land of Zuph, Saul said to his servant, “Come, let us go back, or my father will stop worrying about the donkeys and start worrying about us." 6 “Look,” said the servant, “in this city there is a man of God who is highly respected; everything he says surely comes to pass. Let us go there now. Perhaps he will tell us which way to go." 7 “If we do go,” Saul replied, “what can we give the man? For the bread in our packs is gone, and there is no gift to take to the man of God. What do we have?" 8 The servant answered him again. “Look,” he said, “I have here in my hand a quarter shekel of silver. I will give it to the man of God, and he will tell us our way." 9 (Formerly in Israel, a man on his way to inquire of God would say, “Come, let us go to the seer.” For the prophet of today was formerly called the seer.) 10 “Good,” said Saul to his servant. “Come, let us go.” So they set out for the city where the man of God was. 11 And as they were climbing the hill to the city, they met some young women coming out to draw water and asked, “Is the seer here?" 12 “Yes, he is ahead of you,” they answered. “Hurry now, for today he has come to the city because the people have a sacrifice on the high place. 13 As soon as you enter the city, you will find him before he goes up to the high place to eat. The people will not eat until he comes, because he must bless the sacrifice; after that, the guests will eat. Go up at once; you will find him." 14 So Saul and his servant went up toward the city, and as they were entering it, there was Samuel coming toward them on his way up to the high place. 15 Now on the day before Saul’s arrival, the LORD had revealed to Samuel, 16 “At this time tomorrow I will send you a man from the land of Benjamin, and you are to anoint him leader over My people Israel; he will save them from the hand of the Philistines. For I have looked upon My people, because their cry has come to Me." 17 When Samuel saw Saul, the LORD told him, “Here is the man of whom I spoke; he shall rule over My people." 18 Saul approached Samuel in the gateway and asked, “Would you please tell me where the seer’s house is?" 19 “I am the seer,” Samuel replied. “Go up before me to the high place, for you shall eat with me today. And when I send you off in the morning, I will tell you all that is in your heart. 20 As for the donkeys you lost three days ago, do not worry about them, for they have been found. And upon whom is all the desire of Israel, if not upon you and all your father’s house?" 21 Saul replied, “Am I not a Benjamite from the smallest tribe of Israel, and is not my clan the least of all the clans of Benjamin? So why would you say such a thing to me?" 22 Then Samuel took Saul and his servant, brought them into the hall, and seated them in the place of honor among those who were invited—about thirty in all. 23 And Samuel said to the cook, “Bring the portion I gave you and told you to set aside." 24 So the cook picked up the leg and what was attached to it and set it before Saul. Then Samuel said, “Here is what was kept back. It was set apart for you. Eat, for it has been kept for you for this occasion, from the time I said, ‘I have invited the people.’” So Saul dined with Samuel that day. 25 And after they had come down from the high place into the city, Samuel spoke with Saul on the roof of his house. 26 They got up early in the morning, and just before dawn Samuel called to Saul on the roof, “Get ready, and I will send you on your way!” So Saul arose, and both he and Samuel went outside together. 27 As they were going down to the edge of the city, Samuel said to Saul, “Tell the servant to go on ahead of us, but you stay for a while, and I will reveal to you the word of God.” So the servant went on.
Study Notes — 1 Samuel 9
- Chapter Summary
- Context for the Chapter
- Heart Application
- What Does This Chapter Mean?
- Voices from the Church
- Outline for Preaching
- Core Doctrines
- Lessons from 1 Samuel 9
- Themes from 1 Samuel 9
- Questions for Meditation
- Detailed Chapter Outline
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Top Cross References
- Sermons on 1 Samuel 9
- Matthew Henry Commentary
- What Do You Notice?
Chapter Summary
The chapter starts with the introduction of Saul, a Benjamite, who is on a mission to find his father's lost donkeys. His search leads him to Samuel, the prophet, in Ramah. After a series of events, including a meal and a private conversation, Samuel anoints Saul as the first king of Israel, as instructed by God. The chapter details the signs that will confirm Saul's anointing and his initial reactions to the news. It concludes with Saul's return home and his eventual proclamation as king by Samuel, following the casting of lots. Key verses such as 1 Samuel 9:16, where God instructs Samuel to anoint Saul as king, and 1 Samuel 9:27, where Samuel privately anoints Saul, are pivotal in understanding the chapter's content.
Context for the Chapter
This chapter is situated within the broader narrative of 1 Samuel, which itself is part of the Deuteronomistic history, a collection of books (Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings) that tells the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile. The appointment of Saul as king marks a significant transition in Israel's governance and sets the stage for the complexities and challenges of the monarchical period, which would eventually lead to the division of the kingdom and the prophetic call for a new kind of king, one who would rule with justice and righteousness, foreshadowing the coming of Jesus Christ.
Heart Application
This chapter reminds us of the importance of seeking God's will in all aspects of life, including leadership and decision-making. It encourages us to trust in God's sovereignty and to look for His guidance in times of uncertainty. The story of Saul also warns against the dangers of pride and the importance of humility in leadership, prompting us to reflect on our own hearts and actions, especially in positions of influence or authority.
What Does This Chapter Mean?
This chapter of 1 Samuel tells the story of how Saul, a young man from the tribe of Benjamin, was chosen by God to be the first king of Israel. With the help of the prophet Samuel, Saul was anointed and given signs to confirm his calling. The chapter teaches us about God's sovereignty in appointing leaders and the importance of humility and obedience. As seen in 1 Samuel 9:16, God's provision of a king for Israel points to His larger plan of redemption through Jesus Christ, the ultimate King.
Voices from the Church
“The anointing of Saul is a beautiful type of the anointing which our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ received, for it is written, \"God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power.\"”
— Charles Spurgeon
“In the person of Saul, we are reminded that all earthly power is from God, and that those who are elevated to positions of authority are to recognize their dependence on Him and to rule in accordance with His will.”
— John Calvin
Outline for Preaching
- Introduction to Saul (1 Samuel 9:1-5) — The chapter begins with Saul's search for his father's donkeys, leading him to the prophet Samuel in Ramah. This sets the stage for their encounter and the events that follow.
- Saul Meets Samuel (1 Samuel 9:6-14) — Saul's meeting with Samuel is facilitated by a series of circumstances, including the advice of his servant. This encounter is pivotal as it leads to Saul's anointing as king.
- The Anointing of Saul (1 Samuel 9:15-17) — Samuel, under God's direction, anoints Saul as the future king of Israel. This act signifies God's appointment of Saul to this role and marks a significant turning point in Israel's history.
- Confirmation of the Anointing (1 Samuel 9:18-27) — After the anointing, Samuel provides Saul with signs that will confirm his calling. These signs include the encounter with the group of prophets, the change in Saul's heart, and the recovery of the donkeys, which serve as tangible evidence of God's will.
- Saul's Return Home and Proclamation as King (1 Samuel 9:26-10:16) — Saul returns home, and after the specified signs are fulfilled, he is publicly proclaimed as king by Samuel, following the casting of lots. This marks the beginning of the monarchical period in Israel.
Core Doctrines
- Divine Sovereignty
- This chapter teaches us about God's sovereignty in appointing leaders, as seen in His choice of Saul as the first king of Israel. The narrative emphasizes God's active role in guiding human events and the selection of those who are to lead His people.
- The Importance of Humility
- Saul's initial humility and his subsequent failure to maintain it serve as a lesson on the importance of humility in leadership. This doctrine is reinforced by the contrast between Saul's character and the ideal of a king who rules with justice and righteousness, foreshadowing the coming of Jesus Christ.
- The Role of the Holy Spirit
- The change in Saul's heart after his anointing (1 Samuel 10:9-10) and his prophesying among the prophets indicate the work of the Holy Spirit in empowering and equipping leaders for their roles. This doctrine is crucial in understanding the spiritual dimensions of leadership and the necessity of divine empowerment.
- The Typology of the Kingdom
- The establishment of the monarchy in Israel, with Saul as the first king, sets the stage for the typological understanding of the kingdom of God, which would be fulfilled in Jesus Christ. The narrative points to the eschatological hope of a kingdom ruled by a righteous and eternal King.
Lessons from 1 Samuel 9
- Leadership and Humility — The story of Saul teaches us that true leadership is not just about power or position but about character and humility. Leaders must recognize their dependence on God and rule in accordance with His will.
- God's Sovereignty in Human Affairs — This chapter reminds us that God is actively involved in the world, guiding human events and appointing leaders according to His will. This truth should encourage us to trust in God's sovereignty, even in uncertain times.
- The Importance of Spiritual Guidance — The role of Samuel as a prophet and guide to Saul underscores the importance of spiritual leadership and guidance. We should seek out wise and godly counsel, recognizing the value of spiritual mentors in our lives.
- The Dangers of Pride — Saul's story serves as a warning against the dangers of pride and the importance of maintaining humility, especially in positions of authority. Pride can lead to a fall, while humility can lead to exaltation and true greatness.
- Typology and the Kingdom of God — The establishment of the monarchy in Israel points to the larger narrative of God's kingdom, which finds its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ. This typology encourages us to look forward to the eternal kingdom of our Lord and to live in light of its coming reality.
Themes from 1 Samuel 9
- God's Sovereignty — The theme of God's sovereignty is central to this chapter, as it highlights God's active role in appointing leaders and guiding human events. This theme is reinforced by the narrative's emphasis on God's instructions to Samuel and the signs given to Saul.
- Leadership and Character — The character of a leader is crucial, as seen in Saul's initial humility and subsequent failure. This theme teaches us about the importance of character in leadership and the dangers of unchecked power and pride.
- The Anointing and Empowerment — The anointing of Saul signifies God's approval and empowerment for leadership. This theme points to the spiritual dimensions of leadership and the necessity of divine empowerment for those who are to guide God's people.
- Transition and New Beginnings — The chapter marks a significant transition in Israel's history, from the period of the judges to the monarchy. This theme of transition and new beginnings encourages us to be open to God's leading in our own lives, even when it involves change or stepping into the unknown.
- Faith and Obedience — The narrative emphasizes the importance of faith and obedience, as seen in Samuel's obedience to God's instructions and Saul's initial faith in God's calling. This theme reminds us of the necessity of trusting in God's sovereignty and obeying His will, even when the path ahead is uncertain.
Questions for Meditation
- What does the appointment of Saul as king teach us about God's sovereignty in human affairs? How does this apply to our own lives and decisions?
- In what ways does Saul's character, both at the beginning and end of his reign, serve as a lesson for leaders today? What are the dangers of pride, and how can humility be cultivated in positions of authority?
- How does the anointing of Saul as king foreshadow the anointing of Jesus Christ? What implications does this have for our understanding of Jesus' role as King and our relationship to Him?
- What role does the prophet Samuel play in this chapter, and what can we learn from his obedience to God's instructions? How does this relate to the importance of spiritual leadership and guidance in our own lives?
- In what ways does the narrative of 1 Samuel 9 encourage us to trust in God's guidance and sovereignty, especially in times of uncertainty or transition? What are some practical steps we can take to seek God's will and to cultivate humility and obedience?
Detailed Chapter Outline
1. Introduction to Saul and His Mission (1 Samuel 9:1-5)
| 9:1 | The chapter introduces Saul, a Benjamite, and his father Kish, setting the stage for Saul's search for his father's lost donkeys. |
| 9:2 | Saul is described as an impressive young man, and his search for the donkeys leads him to the land of Zuph. |
2. Saul's Encounter with Samuel (1 Samuel 9:6-14)
| 9:6 | Saul's servant suggests seeking out the prophet Samuel, who is in Ramah, to help them find the donkeys. |
| 9:7 | Saul is hesitant due to not having a gift to offer Samuel, but his servant encourages him to go, trusting that God will provide. |
3. The Anointing of Saul (1 Samuel 9:15-17, 10:1)
| 9:15 | God informs Samuel that He has chosen one of the sons of Jesse as the future king of Israel, but first, He will send Saul to Samuel to anoint him as king. |
| 9:16 | God instructs Samuel to anoint Saul as the one who will save His people from the Philistines, highlighting God's plan to deliver Israel through Saul. |
4. Confirmation of the Anointing and Saul's Return (1 Samuel 9:18-27, 10:2-16)
| 9:18 | Saul meets Samuel, who invites him to dine with him and tells him that the donkeys have been found, shifting the focus to Saul's anointing. |
| 9:20 | Samuel tells Saul that he and his family are the desire of Israel, and he will be given all that Israel desires, emphasizing Saul's new role as king. |
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did God choose Saul as the first king of Israel?
God chose Saul in response to Israel's demand for a king, as seen in 1 Samuel 8. However, the specific reasons for choosing Saul are not fully explained in the chapter, leaving room for interpretation and highlighting God's sovereignty in His choices.
What is the significance of the anointing of Saul?
The anointing signifies God's approval and empowerment of Saul for the role of king. It is a symbolic act that sets apart the individual for a specific task or office, in this case, to lead Israel and deliver them from their enemies, as mentioned in 1 Samuel 9:16.
How does the story of Saul relate to the larger narrative of the Bible?
The story of Saul, as the first king of Israel, sets the stage for the monarchical period and points towards the ultimate King, Jesus Christ. The narrative of 1 Samuel 9, particularly the anointing of Saul, foreshadows the anointing of Jesus and the establishment of His eternal kingdom, as hinted at in the typological significance of the monarchy in Israel.
Top Cross References
| Reference | Connection | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Samuel 9:16 → John 1:1 | The anointing of Saul as king foreshadows the anointing of Jesus Christ, who is the ultimate King and the Word of God from the beginning. |
| 2 | 1 Samuel 9:17 → Hebrews 1:1-3 | The appointment of Saul as a leader, guided by God's sovereignty, points to the superior leadership and kingship of Jesus Christ, who is the exact representation of God's being and the sustainer of all things. |
| 3 | 1 Samuel 9:20 → Psalm 2:7 | The declaration that Saul is the desire of Israel foreshadows the declaration of Jesus as the Son of God, who is the true desire and hope of all nations. |
| 4 | 1 Samuel 9:27 → Acts 13:21-22 | The private anointing of Saul by Samuel is contrasted with the public declaration of Jesus as the Messiah, highlighting the different contexts and purposes of their anointings. |
| 5 | 1 Samuel 10:1 → Isaiah 61:1 | The anointing of Saul for kingship is a type that points to the anointing of Jesus for His ministry, as described by Isaiah, where the Messiah is anointed to preach good news to the poor and to proclaim liberty to the captives. |
| 6 | 1 Samuel 10:6 → 1 Corinthians 12:4-11 | The transformation in Saul and his prophesying among the prophets illustrate the work of the Holy Spirit in empowering individuals for service, a theme that is developed in the New Testament in terms of spiritual gifts and the unity of the body of Christ. |
| 7 | 1 Samuel 10:9 → Ezekiel 36:26-27 | The change in Saul's heart after his anointing is reminiscent of the new heart promised in the New Covenant, as described in Ezekiel 36:26-27 and Jeremiah 31:31-34, which is fulfilled in Jesus Christ and applied through the Holy Spirit. |
| 8 | 1 Samuel 10:16 → Matthew 2:6 | The public proclamation of Saul as king is contrasted with the humble birth and initial obscurity of Jesus, who is the true King of Israel and of all nations, as prophesied in Matthew 2:6. |
| 9 | 1 Samuel 10:24 → John 19:15 | The acclamation of Saul as king by the people of Israel foreshadows the rejection of Jesus by His own people, highlighting the contrast between the earthly kingdom and the heavenly kingdom. |
| 10 | 1 Samuel 10:27 → 1 Peter 2:9 | The mixed reactions to Saul's kingship, with some questioning his ability to deliver Israel, contrast with the universal call to recognize Jesus as the King and the Savior, as described in 1 Peter 2:9, where believers are called a royal priesthood. |
Sermons on 1 Samuel 9
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
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The Awful Sin of Pride by David Wilkerson | In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of patience and waiting on God's timing. He warns against making impulsive and fleshly decisions that can lead to disaster. T |
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Abimelech by Charles Alexander | In this sermon, the preacher discusses the anointing of Saul as the first king of Israel. Samuel, the prophet, pours the royal anointing oil on Saul's head, declaring him to be the |
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Prophecy in the Old Testament by Zac Poonen | In this sermon, the preacher warns the audience about false prophets who are only interested in personal gain. He emphasizes the importance of being cautious and discerning when it |
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A Leaders Worst Nightmare by Alan Stewart | Alan Stewart delivers a powerful sermon titled 'A Leader's Worst Nightmare,' reflecting on the life of King Saul as a cautionary tale for leaders in ministry. He emphasizes the imp |
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(1 Samuel) God Guides the Unknowing by David Guzik | In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes how God can use ordinary and sometimes frustrating circumstances to guide us to where He wants us to be. He uses the example of Saul being l |
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Making a King by G.W. North | In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of being a living representation of the word of God. He criticizes the idea of relying on physical objects or books to show pe |
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Walking in Your Destiny by David Wilkerson | David Wilkerson emphasizes that destiny is God's ordained purpose for each individual, illustrated through the life of Saul, who was chosen by God to lead Israel but ultimately fai |
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The Ministry of the Prophet by W.H. Griffith Thomas | W.H. Griffith Thomas delves into the profound role of prophets in both the Old and New Testaments, emphasizing the necessity of a divine call, conviction of sin, confession, cleans |
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Waiting on the Lord for Direction by David Wilkerson | David Wilkerson emphasizes the importance of waiting on the Lord for direction, highlighting that God's voice is often heard through scripture and requires us to stand still and li |
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Higher Meaning of Walking in the Spirit by David Wilkerson | David Wilkerson emphasizes the higher meaning of walking in the Spirit, using the story of Saul and Samuel to illustrate the importance of seeking God's heart over mere direction. |
Summary of Matthew Henry Commentary on 1 Samuel 9
Matthew Henry's commentary on 1 Samuel 9 emphasizes God's sovereignty in the appointment of Saul as the first king of Israel. Henry notes that Saul's search for his father's donkeys leads him to Samuel, illustrating how God can use ordinary circumstances to fulfill His extraordinary purposes. The anointing of Saul is seen as a type of the anointing of Jesus Christ, who is the true and eternal King. Henry also highlights the importance of humility and obedience, as seen in Samuel's submission to God's will and Saul's initial humility, which are contrasted with the dangers of pride and disobedience. The commentary encourages readers to trust in God's sovereignty, to seek His will, and to cultivate humility, recognizing that true greatness comes not from human achievement but from God's gracious appointment and empowerment. Read the full unabridged Matthew Henry Commentary →
What Do You Notice?
God's Sovereignty
One observes the clear demonstration of God's sovereignty in the appointment of Saul as king. This is evident in how God guides Samuel and in the specific signs given to Saul to confirm his anointing. The narrative underscores God's active role in human history, particularly in the selection of leaders.
Saul's Character
Saul's initial humility and reluctance to accept the role of king are notable. However, his character and actions later in his reign would reveal significant flaws, highlighting the importance of character in leadership and the dangers of unchecked power.
The Role of Samuel
Samuel's obedience to God's instructions and his role as a mediator between God and the people of Israel are crucial. He not only anoints Saul but also guides him, illustrating the significant responsibility and influence of spiritual leaders in guiding those in political power.