John 19

1 Then [at that specific point in time] Pilate [the Roman governor] took [received, accepted] Jesus [God is salvation] and had Him [scourged, whipped with cords] flogged [to whip, discipline with a lash]. word study 2 The soldiers [men of the army, common warriors] twisted together a crown [wreath, garland] of thorns [prickly branches], set it on His head [the upper part of the body], and dressed Him in a purple [purplish-red] robe [outer garment]. word study 3 And they went up to Him again and again, saying, “Hail [rejoice, greetings], King [sovereign ruler] of the Jews [people of Judah, Israelites]!” and slapping [striking with their hands, giving blows] Him in the face [with a slap, a blow]. word study 4 Once again [for the second time, as before] Pilate came out [went forth, exited] and said to the Jews, “Look [behold, see], I am bringing Him out [leading Him forth, presenting Him] to you to let you know [that you may understand, be aware] that I find [discover, perceive] no basis for a charge [no fault, no crime] against Him [toward Him, with regard to Him].” word study 5 When Jesus [the Greek name for Joshua, meaning God is salvation] came out [to go out or come out of a place] wearing the crown [a wreath or garland given as a prize or symbol of honor] of thorns [thorny, like a plant with sharp points] and the purple [a purplish-red color] robe [clothing or an outer garment], Pilate said to them, “Here is [ide, look! or behold] the man [a human being] [having the nature of humanity]!” word study 6 As soon as [at the moment, immediately] the chief priests [high-priest, top Jewish leaders] and officers [servants, attendants] saw Him, they shouted [cried out, gave a loud cry], “Crucify [impale on a cross, execute] Him! Crucify [put to death by nailing to a cross] Him!” “You take [receive, accept] Him and crucify [put to death by nailing to a cross] Him,” Pilate replied [said, answered], “for I find [discover, determine] no basis [cause, charge] for a charge [accusation, fault] against Him [toward, regarding Him].” word study 7 “We [the Jewish leaders, ourselves] have a law [a set of rules, regulations],” answered the Jews [the people of Judah, Israelites], “and according to that law [our established customs, traditions] He must die [cease to exist, pass away], because He declared [made known, proclaimed] Himself to be the Son [a child, an heir] of God [the one true deity, Creator].” word study 8 When [at that specific point in time] Pilate [the Roman governor] heard [listened and understood] this [specific] statement [word], he was [became] even more afraid [filled with fear, to be in awe of], word study 9 and he went back [again, once more] into the Praetorium [the Roman governor’s official residence, headquarters]. “Where [whence, from what place] are You from [originating, coming from]?” he asked [said, spoke]. But Jesus [the Greek name for Joshua, meaning God is salvation] gave [did not provide, withheld] no [not any, none] answer [response, reply]. word study 10 So Pilate [the Roman governor] said to Him, “Do You refuse [or are You unwilling] to speak to me? Do You not know [or have You not perceived] that I have [been given] authority [the power to act] to release [set free, liberate] You and authority [the power to act] to crucify [impale on a cross] You?” word study 11 Jesus answered, “You would have [no power at all, none] no authority [freedom to act, divine permission] over Me if it were not given [bestowed, granted] to you from above [from heaven, by God]. Therefore the one who handed [delivered, surrendered] Me over to you is guilty of greater [more intense] sin [missing the mark, falling short of God’s standards].” word study 12 From then on [after this point, from thenceforth], Pilate tried [sought, attempted] to release Him, but the Jews [Jewish leaders, the crowd] kept shouting [crying out, clamoring], “If you release [let go, set free] this man, you are no [not, by no means] friend [ally, supporter] of Caesar [the Roman emperor, the ruling power]. Anyone who declares [makes, claims] himself a king [ruler, sovereign] is defying [speaking against, rebelling against] Caesar [the Roman authority].” word study 13 When Pilate [the Roman governor] heard these words [sayings, utterances], he brought Jesus [the Messiah, God’s salvation] out and sat on the judgment seat [the tribunal, place of verdict] at a place called [known as] the Stone Pavement [a mosaic floor], which in Hebrew [the Jewish language] is Gabbatha [the elevated stone platform]. word study 14 It was the day [before the Sabbath, preparation time] of Preparation [getting ready, making things ready] for the Passover [commemorating the Israelites’ escape from Egypt], about [around, approximately] the sixth [middle of the day] hour. And Pilate said to the Jews [Jewish leaders, people of Judah], “Here is [look, behold] your King [sovereign ruler, Messiah]!” word study 15 At this, they shouted, “Away with Him [take Him away, crucify Him]! Away with Him [remove Him, execute Him]! Crucify [impale on a cross, put to death] Him!” “Shall I crucify [put to death on a cross, execute] your King [sovereign ruler, Messiah]?” Pilate asked. “We have no king [ruler, sovereign] but Caesar [the Roman Emperor, our supreme authority],” replied the chief priests. word study 16 Then [at that specific point in time, therefore] Pilate handed [delivered, surrendered] Jesus [the Greek name for Joshua, meaning God is salvation] over [to be given into their power] to be crucified [to be impaled on a cross, put to death in a public manner], and the soldiers [the Roman military personnel] took [received, made it their responsibility] Him away [led Him, took Him into their custody]. word study 17 Carrying [bearing the weight of, lifting] His own cross [the instrument of crucifixion], He went out [exited, came forth] to The Place [a specific location, a site] of the Skull [a place of death], which [known as, called] in Hebrew [the language of the Jewish people] is called [named, referred to as] Golgotha [the hill of skulls, a place of execution]. word study 18 There [at that location, in that place] they crucified [impaled on a cross, executed] Him, and with [accompanied by, in the company of] Him two [a pair, a duo] others, one [an individual, a single person] on each side [on either side, to the left and right], with [together with, in the midst of] Jesus [Joshua, God is salvation] in the [central] middle. word study 19 Pilate [the Roman governor] also had a notice [a title, an inscription] posted on the cross [the instrument of crucifixion, a stauros]. It read: JESUS [Joshua, God is salvation] OF NAZARETH [from the city of Nazareth, a Nazoraeus], THE KING [the sovereign ruler, a basileus] OF THE JEWS [the people of Judah, the Jewish nation]. word study 20 Many [a large number, a multitude] of the Jews [people from Judah, Jewish descendants] read [to know, to understand] this sign [title, inscription], because [since, for the reason that] the place [location, spot] where Jesus [God is salvation, the son of God] was crucified [impaled on a cross, put to death] was near [close to, adjacent to] the city [town with walls, Jerusalem], and it was written [recorded, inscribed] in Hebrew [the Jewish language, Aramaic], Latin [the Roman tongue], and Greek [the common language of the Mediterranean]. word study 21 So the chief priests [high-priests, top Jewish leaders] of the Jews [people from Judah, Israelites] said to Pilate [the Roman governor], “Do not write [record, inscribe], ‘The King [sovereign ruler, monarch] of the Jews [Jewish people, Israelites],’ but only that He said [declared, spoke], ‘I am [exist, have being] the King [ruler, monarch] of the Jews [Jewish people, Israelites].’” word study 22 Pilate [the Roman governor, Pontius Pilate] answered [to respond], “What I have written [recorded], I have written [inscribed, will not change].” word study 23 When the soldiers [common warriors, men of the army] had crucified [impaled on a cross, nailed to the stake] Jesus, they divided His garments [clothing, outer wear] into four parts [shares, portions], one for each soldier [warrior, fighter], with the tunic [shirt, inner garment] remaining [left over, untouched]. It was seamless [without seam], woven [made, fabricated] in one piece from top to bottom [from the highest point to the lowest]. word study 24 So they said to one another [among themselves, to each other], “Let us not tear [rend, split] it. Instead, let us cast lots [gamble, decide by chance] to see who will get [obtain, receive] it.” This was to fulfill [make complete, satisfy] the Scripture [holy writings, God’s word]: “They divided [parted, distributed] My garments [clothing, attire] among them, and cast lots [gambled, threw lots] for My clothing [vesture, apparel].” So that is what the soldiers [men of the army, warriors] did [performed, carried out]. word study 25 Near the cross [instrument of capital punishment] of Jesus [God’s salvation] stood His mother [biological and spiritual caregiver] and her sister [fellow believer], as well as Mary [follower of Jesus] the wife of Clopas [Cleopas, an Israelite] and Mary Magdalene [from Magdala, a town in Palestine]. word study 26 When Jesus [the Son of God, the Savior] saw His mother [the one who gave birth to Him, a woman of faith] and the disciple [a learner, a follower] whom He loved [with a deep affection, cherished] standing nearby, He said to His mother, “Woman [a term of respect, a female], here is your son [a male child, a beloved one].” word study 27 Then [afterward, at that time] He said to the disciple [learner, follower], “Here is [behold, look at] your [belonging to you] mother [parent, caregiver].” So from that [specific, appointed] hour [time, moment], this disciple [pupil, follower] took her into [received, welcomed] his [own, private] home [house, dwelling place]. word study 28 After this [following these events], knowing [being fully aware, having complete understanding] that everything [all things, every aspect] had now been accomplished [finished, completed, fulfilled], and to fulfill [to bring to completion, to perfect] the Scripture [the written Word of God, the holy writings], Jesus [the Savior, the Messiah] said, “I am thirsty [I thirst, I have a deep desire for drink, to thirst physically or spiritually].” word study 29 A jar [vessel, container] of sour wine [vinegar, a type of sour wine] was sitting there [set, placed, appointed]. So they soaked a sponge [a simple household item] in the wine [vinegar], put it on a stalk of hyssop [a plant used in rituals], and lifted it to His mouth [the physical opening, symbol of speech and communication]. word study 30 When Jesus had received the sour wine [vinegar, a type of sour drink], He said, “It is finished [completed, fully accomplished].” And bowing [laying down, humbling] His head, He yielded up [delivered, surrendered] His spirit [breath, the vital principle]. word study 31 It was the day of Preparation [before the Sabbath, a time to get ready], and the next day was a High Sabbath [a special day of rest, a great day]. In order that the bodies [physical corpses] would not remain on the cross [a stake or instrument of execution] during the Sabbath [a day of rest and worship], the Jews [people from Judah, Jewish leaders] asked Pilate [the Roman governor] to have the legs [from the hip down] broken [to crack or shatter] and the bodies [the whole physical person] removed [taken away, lifted up]. word study 32 So the soldiers [common warriors, men of the army] came and broke [to crack or shatter, causing severe injury] the legs [from the hip down, the lower limbs] of the first [foremost, the one crucified first] man who had been crucified [suffered or died on the cross, to crucify with] with Jesus, and those [the legs, the lower limbs] of the other [another, different, the second one crucified]. word study 33 But when they came [and arrived, to come/go] to Jesus [Joshua, God is salvation] and saw [to see, to perceive, to attend to] that He was already [even now, by this time] dead [to die/be dead, spiritually or physically], they did not [no, not at all] break [to break, shatter, or crack] His legs [from the hip down]. word study 34 Instead [but, in contrast], one [a single, unified] of the soldiers [a common warrior, a spike-bearing fighter] pierced [to stab, poke] His side [the area of the ribs, the region of the heart] with a spear [a lance, a sharp weapon], and immediately [at once, without delay] blood [the fluid of life] and water [a liquid] flowed out [came forth, was poured out]. word study 35 The one [who personally witnessed] who saw [perceived, experienced] it has testified [given evidence, borne witness] to this, and his testimony [witness, affirmation] is true [genuine, authentic]. He knows [is aware, perceives] that he is telling [speaking, declaring] the truth [reality, fact], so that you also [too, as well] may believe [trust, have faith]. word study 36 Now these things [that have been described] happened so that the Scripture [the holy writings, God’s Word] would be fulfilled: “Not one of His bones [the skeletal framework of His body] will be broken [shattered or crushed, as in a violent death].” word study 37 And, as another [different] Scripture [a writing, holy scripture] says: “They [mankind, humanity] will look [see, perceive, attend to] on the One [Jesus Christ, the Messiah] they have [purposely, intentionally] pierced [stabbed, thrust through, wounded by their spears].” word study 38 Afterward, Joseph [a secret disciple, hiding his faith] of Arimathea, who was a disciple [learner, follower] of Jesus (but secretly [concealing his allegiance, for fear of persecution] for fear of the Jews), asked [requested, besought] Pilate to let him remove [take away, lift up] the body [physical person, corpse] of Jesus. Pilate gave him permission [allowed, granted leave], so he came and removed [took away, carried off] His body. word study 39 Nicodemus [a Jewish leader, secretly following Jesus], who had previously come [at the first, initially] to Jesus at night [in the darkness, under the cover of darkness], also brought [carrying, bearing] a mixture [a blend, a compound] of myrrh [a fragrant resin, used for perfume and embalming] and aloes [a fragrant wood powder, used for anointing], about [approximately, nearly] seventy-five pounds [a significant amount, a hundred pounds]. word study 40 So they took [received, accepted] the body [physical person, flesh] of Jesus [Joshua, God is salvation] and wrapped [bound, wound] it in linen cloths [bandages, strips of cloth] with the spices [fragrant substances, aromatics], according to [just as, in the manner of] the Jewish [of Judah, Jewish descent] burial [funerary, entombment] custom [tradition, usual practice]. word study 41 Now there was a garden [a place for plants and trees, a grove of trees] in the place [location, spot] where Jesus was crucified [impaled on a cross, nailed to the cross], and in the garden [the same garden, a specific garden] a new [fresh, unused] tomb [grave, sepulcher, burial cave] in which [within, inside] no one [nobody, none] had yet [not yet, never before] been laid [put, placed, buried]. word study 42 And because [due to the fact that, on account of] it was the Jewish [of the Jews, pertaining to Judah] day of Preparation [a time to get ready] and the tomb [a place of remembrance] was nearby [close at hand, nigh], they placed [laid, set] Jesus [Joshua, God is salvation] there [in that location, to that place]. word study