Substitution

In biblical theology, "substitution" primarily refers to the concept of one entity taking the place of another, particularly in the context of atonement and sacrifice. This theme is vividly illustrated in the sacrificial system of the Old Testament, where animals were offered as substitutes for the sins of the people. For instance, in Leviticus 16, the Day of Atonement involves the ritual of the scapegoat, which is sent into the wilderness carrying the sins of the people (Leviticus 16:10). This act symbolizes the transfer of guilt and the consequent removal of sin from the community.The ultimate expression of substitution in the Bible is found in the New Testament, particularly in the sacrifice of Jesus Christ. Isaiah 53:5 prophesies that the Messiah would bear our iniquities and be "pierced for our transgressions." The New Testament affirms this in passages like 2 Corinthians 5:21, which states that God made Christ, who knew no sin, to be sin for us, so that we might become the righteousness of God. Thus, through His death, Jesus serves as the perfect substitute, taking upon Himself the penalty for sin that humanity deserved, providing a pathway for redemption and reconciliation with God. This foundational concept of substitution underscores the grace and mercy inherent in the Christian faith.

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