1 Chronicles 4:4
1 Chronicles 4:4 in Multiple Translations
Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem.
And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah, the father of Beth-lehem.
and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephrathah, the father of Beth-lehem.
And Penuel, the father of Gedor, and Ezer, the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the oldest son of Ephrathah, the father of Beth-lehem.
Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, Ephrathah's firstborn and father of Bethlehem.
And Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah: these are the sonnes of Hur the eldest sonne of Ephratah, the father of Beth-lehem.
and Penuel [is] father of Gedor, and Ezer father of Hushah. These [are] sons of Hur, first-born of Ephratah, father of Beth-Lehem.
Penuel was the father of Gedor and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem.
And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephratah, the father of Beth-lehem.
And Phanuel the father of Gedor, and Ezar the father of Hosa, these are the sons of Hur the firstborn of Ephratha the father of Bethlehem.
Berean Standard Amplified — 1 Chronicles 4:4
BSA
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
1 Chronicles 4:4 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וּ/פְנוּאֵל֙
אֲבִ֣י
גְדֹ֔ר
וְ/עֵ֖זֶר
אֲבִ֣י
חוּשָׁ֑ה
אֵ֤לֶּה
בְנֵי
חוּר֙
בְּכ֣וֹר
אֶפְרָ֔תָה
אֲבִ֖י
בֵּ֥ית
לָֽחֶם
וּ/פְנוּאֵל֙
Pᵉnûwʼêl
H6439
Penuel
Conj | N-proper
אֲבִ֣י
ʼâb
H1
father
N-ms
גְדֹ֔ר
Gᵉdôr
H1446
Gedor
N-proper
וְ/עֵ֖זֶר
ʻÊzer
H5829
Ezer
Conj | N-proper
אֲבִ֣י
ʼâb
H1
father
N-ms
חוּשָׁ֑ה
Chûwshâh
H2364
Hushah
N-proper
אֵ֤לֶּה
ʼêl-leh
H428
these
Pron
בְנֵי
bên
H1121
son
N-mp
חוּר֙
Chûwr
H2354
Hur
N-proper
בְּכ֣וֹר
bᵉkôwr
H1060
firstborn
N-ms
אֶפְרָ֔תָה
ʼEphrâth
H672
Ephrath
N-proper
אֲבִ֖י
ʼâb
H1
father
N-ms
בֵּ֥ית
Bêyth Lechem
H1035
Bethlehem
N-proper
לָֽחֶם
Bêyth Lechem
H1035
Bethlehem
N-proper
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — 1 Chronicles 4:4
וּ/פְנוּאֵל֙
Pᵉnûwʼêl
H6439
"Penuel"
Conj | N-proper
Penuel is a place in the Bible where Jacob met God, and it means facing God. It's also the name of a few Israelites, like a man from the tribe of Benjamin, mentioned in 1 Chronicles.
Definition: A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.8.25; son of: Shashak (H8349); brother of: Ishpan (H3473), Eber (H5677J), Eliel (H0447I), Abdon (H5658I), Zichri (H2147I), Hanan (H2605), Hananiah (H2608O), Elam (H5867), Anthothijah (H6070) and Iphdeiah (H3301) § Penuel or Peniel = "facing God" 1) a Benjamite, son of Shashak, brother of Iphedeiah of the family of Saul 2) son of Hur, father of Gedor, and a descendant of Judah 3) the place named by Jacob when he wrestled with God and located on the north bank of the Jabbok close to the Jordan
Usage: Occurs in 8 OT verses. KJV: Peniel, Penuel. See also: Genesis 32:31; Judges 8:17; 1 Chronicles 8:25.
אֲבִ֣י
ʼâb
H1
"father"
N-ms
In Hebrew, this word means father, whether literal or figurative. It is used to describe God as the father of his people, as well as human fathers like Abraham. The word is about a paternal relationship or authority.
Definition: 1) father of an individual 2) of God as father of his people 3) head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan 4) ancestor 4a) grandfather, forefathers - of person 4b) of people 5) originator or patron of a class, profession, or art 6) of producer, generator (fig.) 7) of benevolence and protection (fig.) 8) term of respect and honour 9) ruler or chief (spec.) Also means: av (אַב "father" H0002)
Usage: Occurs in 1060 OT verses. KJV: chief, (fore-) father(-less), [idiom] patrimony, principal. Compare names in 'Abi-'. See also: Genesis 2:24; Genesis 42:37; Leviticus 19:3.
גְדֹ֔ר
Gᵉdôr
H1446
"Gedor"
N-proper
Gedor refers to a place in Palestine and three Israelites, including a Benjamite living during the United Monarchy, as mentioned in 1 Chronicles 8:31.
Definition: A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.8.31; son of: Abiel (H0022) and Maacah (H4601N); brother of: Kish (H7027), Ner (H5369), Abdon (H5658J), Zur (H6698I), Baal (H1168B), Nadab (H5070J), Ahio (H0283I), Zecher (H2144) and Mikloth (H4732) § Gedor = "wall" 1) a son of Penuel 2) a son of Jered 3) a Benjamite of Gibeon 4) a town in the mountainous part of Judah a few miles north of Hebron
Usage: Occurs in 7 OT verses. KJV: Gedor. See also: Joshua 15:58; 1 Chronicles 4:39; 1 Chronicles 12:8.
וְ/עֵ֖זֶר
ʻÊzer
H5829
"Ezer"
Conj | N-proper
Ezer is the name of four Israelites, including a father of Hushah and a Levite who aided in repairing the wall of Jerusalem. The name means treasure, signifying someone precious and valued, and is mentioned in the books of Chronicles and Nehemiah.
Definition: #A man of the tribe of Ephraim living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, only mentioned at 1Ch.7.21; son of: Ephraim (H0669G); brother of: Shuthelah (H7803G), Becher (H1071H), Tahan (H8465G), Elead (H0496) and Beriah (H1283H) § Ezer = "treasure" 1) father of Hushah of the sons of Hur 2) a Gadite chief who fought with David 3) a Levite who aided in repairing the wall of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah
Usage: Occurs in 4 OT verses. KJV: Ezer. Compare H5827 (עֶזֶר). See also: 1 Chronicles 4:4; Nehemiah 3:19; Nehemiah 12:42.
אֲבִ֣י
ʼâb
H1
"father"
N-ms
In Hebrew, this word means father, whether literal or figurative. It is used to describe God as the father of his people, as well as human fathers like Abraham. The word is about a paternal relationship or authority.
Definition: 1) father of an individual 2) of God as father of his people 3) head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan 4) ancestor 4a) grandfather, forefathers - of person 4b) of people 5) originator or patron of a class, profession, or art 6) of producer, generator (fig.) 7) of benevolence and protection (fig.) 8) term of respect and honour 9) ruler or chief (spec.) Also means: av (אַב "father" H0002)
Usage: Occurs in 1060 OT verses. KJV: chief, (fore-) father(-less), [idiom] patrimony, principal. Compare names in 'Abi-'. See also: Genesis 2:24; Genesis 42:37; Leviticus 19:3.
חוּשָׁ֑ה
Chûwshâh
H2364
"Hushah"
N-proper
Hushah was an Israelite from the tribe of Judah, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:4 as the son of Ezer. His name means haste. He lived during the Divided Monarchy period.
Definition: A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.4; son of: Ezer (H5829) § Hushah = "haste" a descendant of Judah
Usage: Occurs in 1 OT verses. KJV: Hushah. See also: 1 Chronicles 4:4.
אֵ֤לֶּה
ʼêl-leh
H428
"these"
Pron
This Hebrew word is used to point out specific people or things, like saying 'these' or 'those'. It appears in the book of Genesis, where God says 'let there be light' and separates the light from the darkness.
Definition: 1) these 1a) used before antecedent 1b) used following antecedent Aramaic equivalent: el.leh (אֵלֶּה "these" H0429)
Usage: Occurs in 697 OT verses. KJV: an-(the) other; one sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those, thus, which, who(-m). See also: Genesis 2:4; Exodus 35:1; Deuteronomy 1:35.
בְנֵי
bên
H1121
"son"
N-mp
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Definition: : child/son
Usage: Occurs in 3653 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. See also: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 23:3; Genesis 34:18.
חוּר֙
Chûwr
H2354
"Hur"
N-proper
Hur was a personal name given to several Israelites and one Midianite, including a chief assistant to Moses and Aaron, and a father of Rephaiah in the time of Nehemiah, as mentioned in Nehemiah 3:9 and other biblical passages.
Definition: A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at Neh.3.9; father of: Rephaiah (H7509J) § Hur = "hole" 1) a chief assistant to Moses and Aaron 2) grandfather of Bezaleel, the chief artificer of the tabernacle; possibly the same as 1 above 3) the 4th of the 5 kings of Midian who were slain with Balaam after Peor 4) father of Rephaiah in the time of Nehemiah 5) father of Ben-Hur who was commissariat officer for Solomon in Mount Ephraim
Usage: Occurs in 15 OT verses. KJV: Hur. See also: Exodus 17:10; Joshua 13:21; Nehemiah 3:9.
בְּכ֣וֹר
bᵉkôwr
H1060
"firstborn"
N-ms
In the Bible, this word refers to the firstborn child or animal, often holding a special status or responsibility. It appears in stories like Genesis and Exodus, highlighting the importance of birth order. The KJV translates it as 'eldest' or 'firstborn'.
Definition: 1) firstborn, firstling 1a) of men and women 1b) of animals 1c) noun of relation (fig.)
Usage: Occurs in 96 OT verses. KJV: eldest (son), firstborn(-ling). See also: Genesis 10:15; Deuteronomy 21:17; Psalms 78:51.
אֶפְרָ֔תָה
ʼEphrâth
H672
"Ephrath"
N-proper
Ephrath is another name for the city of Bethlehem, which means 'place of fruitfulness'. It is mentioned in Psalm 132:6 and is also the name of an Israelite woman. The city is significant in the Bible as the birthplace of Jesus.
Definition: Ephrath or Ephratah = "ash-heap: place of fruitfulness" Another name of bet le.chem (בֵּית לֶ֫חֶם "Bethlehem" H1035G)
Usage: Occurs in 9 OT verses. KJV: once (Psalm 132:6) perhaps for Ephraim; also of an Israelitish woman; Ephrath, Ephratah. See also: Genesis 35:16; 1 Chronicles 2:19; Psalms 132:6.
אֲבִ֖י
ʼâb
H1
"father"
N-ms
In Hebrew, this word means father, whether literal or figurative. It is used to describe God as the father of his people, as well as human fathers like Abraham. The word is about a paternal relationship or authority.
Definition: 1) father of an individual 2) of God as father of his people 3) head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan 4) ancestor 4a) grandfather, forefathers - of person 4b) of people 5) originator or patron of a class, profession, or art 6) of producer, generator (fig.) 7) of benevolence and protection (fig.) 8) term of respect and honour 9) ruler or chief (spec.) Also means: av (אַב "father" H0002)
Usage: Occurs in 1060 OT verses. KJV: chief, (fore-) father(-less), [idiom] patrimony, principal. Compare names in 'Abi-'. See also: Genesis 2:24; Genesis 42:37; Leviticus 19:3.
בֵּ֥ית
Bêyth Lechem
H1035
"Bethlehem"
N-proper
Beth-lehem means house of bread, a place in Zebulun. The name describes a location known for its food production, later becoming famous as Jesus' birthplace in the New Testament.
Definition: § Beth-lehem = "house of bread (food)" a place in Zebulun
Usage: Occurs in 39 OT verses. KJV: Bethlehem. See also: Genesis 35:19; 1 Samuel 17:15; Jeremiah 41:17.
לָֽחֶם
Bêyth Lechem
H1035
"Bethlehem"
N-proper
Beth-lehem means house of bread, a place in Zebulun. The name describes a location known for its food production, later becoming famous as Jesus' birthplace in the New Testament.
Definition: § Beth-lehem = "house of bread (food)" a place in Zebulun
Usage: Occurs in 39 OT verses. KJV: Bethlehem. See also: Genesis 35:19; 1 Samuel 17:15; Jeremiah 41:17.
Study Notes — 1 Chronicles 4:4
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- 1 Chronicles 4:4 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on 1 Chronicles 4:4
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Chronicles 4:4
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on 1 Chronicles 4:4
- Ellicott's Commentary on 1 Chronicles 4:4
- Cambridge Bible on 1 Chronicles 4:4
Context — The Descendants of Judah
2Reaiah son of Shobal was the father of Jahath, and Jahath was the father of Ahumai and Lahad. These were the clans of the Zorathites.
3These were the sons of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. And their sister was named Hazzelelponi.
4Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem.
5Ashhur the father of Tekoa had two wives, Helah and Naarah. 6Naarah bore to him Ahuzzam, Hepher, Temeni, and Haahashtari. These were the descendants of Naarah.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Chronicles 4:18 | These were the children of Pharaoh’s daughter Bithiah. Mered also took a Judean wife, who gave birth to Jered the father of Gedor, Heber the father of Soco, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah. |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 2:50 | These were the descendants of Caleb. The sons of Hur the firstborn of Ephrathah: Shobal the father of Kiriath-jearim, |
| 3 | 1 Chronicles 4:39 | and they journeyed to the entrance of Gedor, to the east side of the valley, in search of pasture for their flocks. |
| 4 | Joshua 15:36 | Shaaraim, Adithaim, and Gederah (or Gederothaim)—fourteen cities, along with their villages. |
| 5 | 1 Chronicles 2:19 | When Azubah died, Caleb married Ephrath, who bore to him Hur. |
1 Chronicles 4:4 Summary
This verse is talking about the family of Hur, who was the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem. It mentions two of his descendants, Penuel and Ezer, and their sons, Gedor and Hushah. This is important because it helps us understand the relationships and history of the Israelites, which is a big part of the Bible story, as seen in Genesis 12:1-3 and Numbers 1:1-4. By reading about these families, we can learn more about God's plan and promises, and how they were fulfilled in Jesus Christ, as mentioned in Luke 2:4-7.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who was Hur in the Bible?
Hur was the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem, as mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:4. He is also mentioned in 1 Kings 4:7-8 as part of the administrative system set up by King Solomon.
What is the significance of Bethlehem in the Bible?
Bethlehem is a significant city in the Bible, as it is the birthplace of Jesus Christ, as prophesied in Micah 5:2 and fulfilled in Luke 2:4-7. It is also an important city in the history of the Israelites, as mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:4.
Who were Penuel and Ezer in the Bible?
Penuel and Ezer were descendants of Hur, and they are mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:4 as the fathers of Gedor and Hushah, respectively. While not much is known about them, they are part of the genealogical record of the Israelites, which is important for understanding the history and relationships of the tribes of Israel, as seen in Genesis 12:1-3 and Numbers 1:1-4.
Why are genealogies important in the Bible?
Genealogies, such as the one in 1 Chronicles 4, are important in the Bible because they help establish the relationships and histories of the Israelites, as well as provide a framework for understanding the fulfillment of God's promises, as seen in Genesis 12:1-3 and Galatians 3:6-9.
Reflection Questions
- What can we learn about the importance of family and heritage from the genealogies in 1 Chronicles?
- How does the mention of Bethlehem in 1 Chronicles 4:4 relate to the larger story of God's plan of salvation?
- What role do you think Hur and his descendants played in the history of the Israelites, and what can we learn from their example?
- How does the record of Penuel and Ezer as fathers of Gedor and Hushah, respectively, contribute to our understanding of the Israelites' family relationships and history?
Gill's Exposition on 1 Chronicles 4:4
And Penuel the father of Gedor,.... The prince of that place, according to some, and the same with Hareph, 1 Chronicles 2:51, and Ezer the father of Hushah: thought to be the same with Shuah, 1
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Chronicles 4:4
And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah, the father of Bethlehem.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on 1 Chronicles 4:4
Either they are other sons besides those mentioned 1Ch 2, or there is some variation in their names, which is most frequent among the Hebrews, as hath been oft proved. The father of Beth-lehem: this title is here given to the father, and , to Salma, his son, who had it either with or after his father. See Poole "", See Poole "".
Ellicott's Commentary on 1 Chronicles 4:4
(4) And Penuel the father of Gedor.—Penuel occurs as a trans-Jordan town in Judges 8:8, and elsewhere. Here a Judean town or clan is meant. Gedor.—See 1 Chronicles 2:51, and Note; Joshua 15:58. Now the ruin called Jedur. Ezer the father of Hushah.—Ezer occurs as a name of clans and localities, as well as of persons. (Comp. Judges 7:24, Abi-ezri; 1 Chronicles 8:2, Abi-ezer; and 1 Samuel 4:1, Eben-ezer.) In 1 Chronicles 12:9 and Nehemiah 3:19 it is a man’s name. Hushah.—The place is unknown, but several celebrated persons are called Hushathites—e.g., Sibbechai, one of David’s heroes, 1 Chronicles 11:29. These are the sons of Hur.—A subscription to the short list of 1 Chronicles 4:2-4. ‘Both the Shobalite clans of Zorah (1 Chronicles 4:2) and those enumerated in 1 Chronicles 4:3-4 were sons of Hur. The firstborn of Ephratah.—See 1 Chronicles 2:19; 1 Chronicles 2:50.
The father of Beth-lehem.—At 1 Chronicles 2:51, Salma, son of Hur, is called father of Bethlehem.
Cambridge Bible on 1 Chronicles 4:4
4. Hur] the first-born of Ephratah (R.V. Ephrathah = Ephrath) one of the wives of Caleb (1 Chronicles 2:19). Hur was father of Bethlehem through his son Salma (1 Chronicles 2:50-51, LXX.). For the name of the city cp. Genesis 35:19 (Ephrath the same is Bethlehem) and Micah 5:2 (R.V. Thou, Bethlehem Ephrathah).